Family Life Flashcards
- Commonly called “crabs”
- An external parasite that infests the pubic region
- Symptoms include itching and discomfort
- Caused by close physical contact with infected person or infected bedding or clothing
- Treatment: special shampoos, washing all clothing and bedding
Pubic Lice
- Caused by bacteria
- Most men and women have no symptoms
- Symptoms include unusual discharge from penis or vagina, burning when urinating
- Spread during vaginal, anal, and oral sex
- Treatment: antibiotics
- Untreated: permanent damage to reproductive system and sterility
Chlamydia
- Caused by a virus
- Symptoms include small painful blisters on sex organs that break into open sores
- May have no symptoms
- Spread during vaginal, anal, and oral sex
- Treatment: No cure. Symptoms may be treated with medication
- May be spread without the presence of any visible symptoms
Genital Herpes
- Caused by a virus
- Small painless cauliflower-like bumps on sex organs and anus that can multiply quickly
- May not have any symptoms
- Spread during vaginal, anal, and oral sex
- Treatment: NO cure. Can be treated with creams, lasers, burning or freezing in a doctor’s offic
HPV, Genital Warts (Human Papilloma Virus that sometimes causes genital warts)
- Caused by bacteria
- Symptoms include unusual discharge from penis or vagina, burning during urination, abdominal pain and cramps
- In many cases, there are no symptoms
- Spread during vaginal, anal, and oral sex
- Treatment: Antibiotics
Gonorrhea
- Caused by bacteria
- Symptoms include painless reddish brown sores that appear on the genital area called “chancres”
- Later rashes, swollen joints, fever, and hair loss symptoms may appear
- This disease has several stages
- Spread during vaginal, anal, and oral sex
- Treatment: antibiotics
- Untreated: brain damage, heart disease, blindness, and possible death
- Newborns: stillbirth or permanent birth defects
Syphilis
- Caused by a virus
- Symptoms include tiredness, jaundice (yellow skin or eyes), dark urine, nausea, and cramps
- Many people have no symptoms
- Spread through unprotected sex and needle sharing
- Treatment: NO cure, but HBV vaccine can prevent infection
Hepatitis B
- Caused by a virus
- Damages the body’s immune system so it can no longer fight certain infections and cancers
- Symptoms include tiredness, fever, night sweats, weight loss, swollen glands, and diarrhea
- Spread through vaginal, anal, and oral sex, needled sharing, mother to baby during pregnancy, birth and breast feeding
- Treatment: NO cure, but there are treatments that can help people with this disease stay healthy longer
HIV
Sac that holds the testicles
- protects the testes
- regulate the temperature of the testicles
Scrotum
There are two
These produce sperm cells and testosterone (the male hormone that stimulates development of the male sex characteristics and triggers puberty)
Testicles
The organ just above the testicles
- Stores sperm while they mature
Epididymis
A small tube the sperm travel through as they prepare to leave the body
- Also known as “the highway of life”
Vas Deferens
Sperm travel through this and a sugary substance is added to the sperm
Seminal vesicle
The sperm travel through this where it picks up a base-like fluid
Prostate
Makes up the majority of semen (mucous- like and sticky fluid that sticks to and coats the urethra)
Cowper’s gland
Tube in the penis by which semen leaves the body
Urethra
Composed of spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels
- Increased blood flow, this becomes enlarged and erect
Penis
Excess skin surrounding the penis
(Parent decision: circumcision)
Foreskin
Permanent birth control. Blocks/cuts off sperm from the semen
Vasectomy
- Produces egg cells
- Lie just below fallopian tubes
- Females are born with finite amount of ovum (eggs)
Ovaries
- When a mature ovum is drawn into the fallopian tube
- typically once a month, alternating ovaries
Ovulation
A fertilized ovum
Zygote
- Tube by which the ovum travels
- It takes a few days for the ovum to travel through this in preparation for fertilization
- If fertilization is going to occur it typically occurs in this, then the zygote moves into the uterus
Fallopian Tubes
When zygote attaches to fallopian tube instead of uterus
Ectopic Pregnancy
Organ that the baby grows in
Uterus
Small round organ making up the entrance of the uterus
Cervix
- muscular elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body
- menstrual blood leaves through this
- passageway for a baby to be born
Vagina
- The shedding of the lining of the uterus if fertilization does not occur
- usually lasts 3-5 days
Menstruation
When does a girl’s period (aka menstruation) begin
about 2 to 2 1/2 years after her first signs of puberty
What is the common age for a girl to have her first period?
12 years old
What percentage of girls have their period by 15?
98% of girls have their period by 15
The absence of menstrual bleeding
Amenorrhea
When does amenorrhea happen?
- When a girl hasn’t had her first menstrual period by age 16
- If a woman fails to menstruate for 3 to 6 months
- If there is excessive exercise and stress
- Having too little or too much body fat
- medications can cause amenorrhea in some women
How long is the typical menstrual cycle?
28 days long, but each woman is different
Day 1 is when ____________________
Day 1 is when bleeding first occurs, and can last for 4 to 8 days
Uterus lining breaks down, menstruation occurs on what days?
Days 1-7
The lining of the womb thickens in preparation for the egg on what days?
Days 8-11
Ovulation occurs on what days?
Days 12-17 (but usually on day 14)
If fertilization has not taken place, the corpus luteum fade away on what days?
Days 18-25
The uterus lining detaches leading to menstruation on what days?
Days 26-28
First step of menstrual cycle:
Lining of the uterus sheds along with previous unfertilized ovum (Menstruation)
Second step of menstrual cycle
Lining of the uterus begins to thicken, in preparation to receive a fertilized ovum
Third step of menstrual cycle
Ovary releases a mature ovum in a process called ovulation
4th step of menstrual cycle
Ovum travels through the fallopian tubes.
If sperm is present
If sperm is present, fertilization occurs and becomes a zygote. It travels to the uterus and attaches onto the thicken lining and a baby starts to develop (congrats on getting pregnant)
If no sperm is present
If no sperm is present, then the lining of the uterus sheds along with previous unfertilized ovum (menstruation)
When the ovary releases an ovum (egg) so it can be fertilized by a sperm
Ovulation
Ovulation occurs anywhere between __ - __ days after the first day of your last menstrual period
11-21 days
The time in a woman’s life when her period stops. It usually occurs naturally, most often after age 45. It happens because the woman’s ovaries stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone
Menopause
When has a woman reached menopause?
When she has not had a period for one year. Changes and symptoms can start several years earlier.
Test that looks for cancers and pre-cancers in the cervix (the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina)
PAP Smear Test
