carbohydrates, proteins, and fat Flashcards
types of carbohydrates
simple or complex
how many calories per gram in a carbohydrate?
4 calories per gram
Various forms of sugar, such as glucose and sucrose (table sugar). They are small molecules, so they can be broken down and absorbed by the body quickly and are the quickest source of energy.
Simple carbohydrates.
These carbohydrates are composed of long strings of simple carbohydrates. They tend to provide energy to the body more slowly than simple carbohydrates but still more quickly than
protein or fat. Because they are digested more slowly than simple carbohydrates, they are less likely to be converted to fat.
Complex carbohydrates
The 3rd type of carbohydrate
Fiber
a tough complex carbohydrate that cannot be
digested
Fiber
foods that make you feel full, reduce the risk of heart
disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes
high fiber foods
Good sources of fiber
Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds and legumes
_________ means that the food is highly processed. The fiber and bran, as well as many of the vitamins and minerals they contain, have been stripped away. The body processes these carbohydrates quickly, and they provide little nutrition
although they contain about the same number of calories.
Refined
a complex carbohydrate that the body can easily
and rapidly convert to energy.
glycogen
is stored in the liver and the muscles.
glycogen
Muscles use __________ for energy during periods of intense exercise.
glycogen
Proteins consist of units called ____________, strung
together in complex formations.
amino acids
proteins are
(complex or simple?) molecules, the body takes longer to break them down.
complex
How many calories per gram for protein
4 calories per gram
The body needs ________ to maintain and replace tissues and to function and grow.
Protein
Is protein usually used for energy?
No
When is protein used for energy?
If the body is not getting enough calories from other
nutrients or from the fat stored in the body, it is used for energy.
What happens when more protein is consumed than is needed?
If more protein is consumed than is needed, the body breaks the protein down and stores its components as fat.
____ are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form
of food
Fats
How many calories are in each gram of fat?
9 calories per gram of fat
____ are important for brain development, blood
clotting, and controlling inflammation.
Fats
____ aide in helping to
maintain healthy hair and skin.
Fats
Where does the body deposit excess fat?
in the abdomen (omental fat) and under the skin (subcutaneous fat) to use when it needs more energy.
Where does the body deposit excess fat which causes serious disorders?
in blood vessels and within organs, where it can block blood flow and damage organs
Different types of fat
Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, trans fats
_______________ are more likely to increase
cholesterol levels and increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
Saturated fats
__________________ are considered more healthy fats when consumed in moderation.
Unsaturated fats
_____________________________are a different category of fat. They are man-made, formed by adding hydrogen atoms (hydrogenation)
to monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Trans fats (trans fatty acids)
In the United States, the main dietary source of trans fats is _________________, present in many
commercially prepared foods.
partially hydrogenated vegetable oils
