Family Diversity - Parents And Children Flashcards
What are the trends in child bearing?
-47% of children and are born outside of marriage this is twice as many as in 1986
-Women are having children later the average age of birth for the first child is now 28.1
-Women are having a few babies average number of children per woman thousand peak of 2.95 in 1964 to 1.94 in 2010
-Women are remaining childless, a quarter of those born in 1973 will be childless when they reach the age of 45
What are the explanations for these trends in child bearing?
- Increases in births outside marriage reasons, including decline and stigma and increase in cohabitation. For example, only one third of 2820-year-old and now I think that marriage should come before parenthood
- The rise is due to an increase in births in cohabiting couples rather than women living alone
- Trends in having children at a later age and small families reflects the fact that women now have more options than just motherhood. Many seeking to establish themselves in a career before starting a family or instead of having children at all.
What is a boomerang child?
This is when young adults returned to their parents home until well into the 20s or early 30s
Give a status to suggest that the trend in Boomerang children has increased
2/3 of childless single adults age 20 to 32 in the UK haven’t left or moved back into their family
Suggest two reasons for an increase in boomerang children
- Precarious job markets and lower wages.
- Sky highprivate sector rentals
What issues do families with being on children have to negotiate
Whether the children should pay rent contribute to bills and help household chores
What are the trends in lone parent families?
-Lone parent families now make up about quarter
-90% of lone parent families all headed by women
-Until the 1990s divorced women with the biggest group of lone mothers . From the 1990s single never married women became the largest group.
-A child living with a lone parent is twice as likely to be in poverty
Why are there alone parent families today?
- Due to an increase in divorce and separation.
- Increase in the number of never married women having children this is linked to a decline in the stigma attached to births outside of marriage.
- Increased welfare protection for single parents.
- In the past death of one parent was a common course of one parent families but this is no longer very significant.
Why are parents families often female headed?
- Otherwise, I believe that women are by nature seated to an expressive or nurturing role.
- Courts usually give custody of children to mothers.
- Women tend to be more willing than men to give up work for childcare.
- Many loan parent families are female headed because the mothers are single by choice professional women are able to support their child without the fathers involvement.
- Some working class mothers with less earning power she used to live on welfare benefits without a partner often because they have experienced abuse
- Feminist ideas and greater opportunities for women have also encouraged an increase in the number of never married lone Mother.
How does loneparenthood link to welfare state and poverty ?
- New right thinkers such as Charles Murray see the growth and lawn parent families as a resulting from overgenerous welfare state providing
-Marie argues this is creative for the best incentive whether the welfare state created a dependency culture in which people assume that the state will support them and their children
-He refers to the group who accept benefits in order to bring up their children as the under class
-The solution to this is polish welfare benefits as this would reduce the dependency culture that encourages births outside of marriage
What is evaluation of the new right view of lone parenthood?
-affordable childcare prevents on parents from working 60% of the more unemployed
-Most parents are women who generally earn less than men
-poverty may result from the failure of Farthers to pay maintenance
The trends in reconstituted families
-set my music out for 10% of all families of children in Britain
-Fairy and Smith found that stepfamilies are very similar to 1st families and the involvement of stepparents in childcare is a positive one however they found that generally step families are at greater risk of poverty
Why are there more reconstituted families now?
-These are formed when loan parents from new partnerships therefore influenced by an increase in divorce and separation
-more children that families are from the women’s previous marriage as children are more likely to remain with their mother when marriages and cohabitation break down
-Step parents are at greater risk of poverty because there are often more children and because the stepfather may also have to support children from previous relationship
-Some of the tensions faced by step families may be as a result of a lack of clear social norms about how individuals should behave in such families
What is willmotts arguments for the extended family being important today?
-while the extended family may have declined not entirely disappeared
-Willmottargues a continues to exist as a dispersed extended family were relatives are geographically separate but maintain frequent contact through visits and phone calls
What is Chamberlain’s argument for the extended family being important today?
-he found that all the Caribbean families were geographically dispersed they continue to provide support
-She describes them as a multiple nuclear families that continue to provide value support in childrearing
What is Bell’s argument? Why extended family is still important today?
-They found that in Swansea both working class and middle class families rely on wider kinship for support
- Middle class = financial help from Farther to son and working class= more frequent contact was for domestic help from mothers to daughters
-Bells research suggested the beam pool family is now important, it’s extended vertically and is not extended horizontally
-Being poor families are becoming more common due to long life expectancies and small family sizes
What is Parsons argument for? Why extended family is not important today?
-The extended family is a dominant family type in pre-industrial society but in modern industrial society it is replaced by the nuclear family
What is Charles’s argument while the extended family is not important today?
-when studying Swansea he found that the classic traditional generational family or living from one roof together is now all but extinct
-The only significant exception was found among the Bangladeshi community
