Family diversity Flashcards
changing patterns of divorce :declining stigma
mitchell and goody - since 60s decline in divorce stigma
divorce is more common . more normalised and de stigmatised .
changing pattern of divorce : changes in law
divorce reform act 1969 - spoke of divorce.
divorce doubles between 1961 and 1969
change in patterns of divorce stigma divorce- secularisation
decline in religion in society . making decisions is less influenced by the church.
churches soften views on divorce.
changes in divorce : rising expectations of marriage
Fletcher- ideology of romantic love .
rising expectations of marriage , it is treated as emotional not practical .
more divorce .
Reasons for more divorce : CPOW
women working more - break glass ceiling
women more occupationally ambitious .
mcrobbie- magazines 70s - 90s more work focused
more divorce as women aren’t economically dependant
feminist arguments for more divorce -
triple shift - duncombe and marsden
hothschild- women valued at work than home . men resistant to housework . stress.
bernard- women dissatisfied with patriarchal marriage.
what do beck and giddens argue ?
modern society caused tradition to disappear .
“pure relationships “ sought after , higher divorce rates.
decline in first marriage : secularisation
decline in influence of church - people do not get married for religious reason.
2001 census 3% of young people not religious married , 17% religious were.
decline in first marriage : decline in stigma for alternatives
remaining single is regarded as acceptable , cohabitation too.
1989 70% of people think couples with children need to be married
2012 - 42% thought so
DECLINE IN FIRST MARRIAGE : CPOW
women now financially independent - freedom not to marry.
dissuasion of having to marry
mcrobbies study on 70s and 90s magazines , sharpes ambition of girls agree with this.
less first marriages : fear of divorce .
fear of divorce has led some people to reject marriage , it is a financially and emotionally enduring process .
who thinks cohabitation is a stepping stone to marriage ?
chester
- most people , cohabitation is a part of the process of getting married . trial marriage
who thinks cohabitation is an alternative to marriage ?
chandler
- permanent alternative to marriage
bejin- this represent a personally negotiated and equal relationship
same sex relationships : more of them
legal changes : 2002 legal right to adopt
decline in stigma: due to secularisation ? church typically holds homophobic views .
who says homosexual relationships are same as hetero ones ?
weeks -
fictive kin, chosen families have same security
who says homosexual families are different ?
allan and crow - until recently same sex partners had to negotiate commitment and responsibility.
what are the reasons for more one person households ?
divorce patterns
marriage patterns
creative singlehood- stein
trends in child bearing :
51% of children born outside of marriage
people are having children later : average age 29
fertility rate - 1.63 in average
reasons for trends in child bearing:
decline in stigma
changing positions of women
new right explanation for increase in LPF’s
Charles murray - acclaims this as a result of the over generous welfare state
this give a “perverse incentive “ and a “dependancy culture “
ethnic differences in LPFS
black families have more of them :
family disorganisation
high rates of unemployment from black men (5x) resulting in higher rates of desertion .
A03: reynolds: many lone parents are in stable supportive relationships
ethnic differences in habitation :
more extended family
due to younger age profile of british asians
socialisation - value in extended family
who says the extended family is important ?
wilmott - it exists as a “dispersed extended family” phone calls and visits maintain this
who else says the extended family is important ?
Bell - WC and MC family rely on wider kin for support
beanpole family - through three generations help is given
