Childhood

Question 1

who comes up with the modern western notion of childhood?

Answer 1

pilcher

Question 2

what does pilcher argue to be the most important feature of childhood ?

Answer 2

separateness. this is because children are psychologically and physically immature.
related to “golden age of childhood”

Question 4

benedict comes up with ideas of _____ _______ __________ in the social construction of childhood

Answer 4

cross cultural differences

Question 5

benedict says childhood is what ?

Answer 5

simpler and different from non industrial societies. punch (2001) found in rural bolivia children take on work.

Question 6

Who comes up with Historical differences in childhood ?

Answer 6

Aries

Question 8

what does aries argue about childhood?

Answer 8

that in pre-industrial society “the idea of childhood did not exist”
children were “mini adults” taking on responsibility
at 7 or 8 they were criminally responsible

Question 9

how do we see evidence of aries’ belief of a false childhood ?

Answer 9

through paintings at the time

Question 10

how does shorter add to aries’ views ?

Answer 10

by adding that high death rates encouraged neglect and indifference
AO3: pollock , society had a different notion of childhood

Question 11

what does Aries say about the modern cult of childhood?

Answer 11

that it’s began to cultivate from the 13th century

Question 12

three changes in the positions of childhood:

Answer 12

Laws : restriction of child labour
compulsory schooling : more separateness from adults
child protection and welfare legislation: 1889 prevention of cruelty to children act

Question 13

what are the last 3 changes in the positions of childhood:

Answer 13

children’s rights - Children act , parents have responsibilities
declining family size - parents have greater investment
better medical knowledge - NHS 1948

Question 14

march of progress view for childhood explains (aries and shorter)

Answer 14

todays children are more valued . child protection acts . parents invest a great deal into children lavishing their attention onto them

Question 15

child centred families - childhood.

Answer 15

families are much smaller today . 2014 1.83 births per woman. children are no longer to be “seen and not heard” like earlier societies.

Question 16

who comes up with their idea of Toxic Childhood ?

Answer 16

palmer

Question 17

what does palmer argue about childhood ?

Answer 17

that rapid technological and cultural changes have damaged children. e.g video games harming children’s attention span

Question 19

who adds to palmers toxic childhood?

Answer 19

margo and dixon. they report uk youth as at the top for most issues eg obesity

Question 20

what is the conflict view of childhood?

Answer 20

critique of march of progress: children have inequality. such as gender differences ( hillman) boys free to go out
ethnic differences ( brannen’s) asians more strict to daughters .

Question 22

according to child liberationists , what inequalities are there between children and adults?

Answer 22

control over: space, time , bodies , access to resources.

Question 23

who comes up with the idea of age patriarchy ?

Answer 23

gittins

Question 24

what does gittins mean by age patriarchy ?

Answer 24

the way in which the “rule by father” is asserted abusively regarding age difference in the family .

Question 25

what do hockey and james find in support of gittins?

Answer 25

that children act up - e.g smoking or act down - e.g baby talk to resist domination of adults

Question 26

A03 AGE PATRIARCHY CONFLICT VIEW

Answer 26

critics of child liberationists - 1989 children act - not as powerless as people claim

Question 27

who comes up with the idea that childhood is disappearing ?

Answer 27

postman

Question 28

what does postman say about childhood ?

Answer 28

print culture being replaced by television culture destroys information hierarchy. children can access media if illiterate curiosity replaced by worldliness and cynicism.

Question 30

how can we evaluate postman’s notion that childhood is disappearing?

Answer 30

with Opie and with the fact postman overemphasised a single cause , television.

Question 31

what does Opie say about childhood

Answer 31

that it is not disappearing . research on children’s games , songs , books. continued existence of separate children’s culture.

Question 33

what does postmodernist jenks say about childhood?

Answer 33

agrees with aries. creation of modern society. it is concerned with “futurity”. focalised by child-centredness. childhood is changing . strain is caused on relationships from these changes.

Question 34

A03: for postmodernist childhood is changing

Answer 34

some evidence for parents relationships straining as child is focused on, these studies are unrepresentative and overgeneralised.