Family, Deviance & Crime Flashcards
Nuclear Family
VS
Extended Family
VS
Modified Extended Family
Nuclear families: consist of parents and children sharing a dwelling
Extended families: consist of several generations or adult siblings with their spouses and children who share a dwelling and resources
Modified extended family: several generations who live near each other and maintain close social and economic contact
PolyGYNy
VS
PolyANDry
Polygyny: male has more than 1 wife
Polyandry: female has more than 1 husband
Which province has the highest level of Cohabitation and why?
Quebec
- Catholics had control over everything
- Then the Quiet Revolution (1960s)
- This was done at a policy level (no protests)
Prevalence
if you took a PICTURE of all Canadians right now, and looked at results
Deviance
People, behavior and conditions subject to social control
Social control
Ways in which members of social groups express their disapproval of people and behavior (name-calling, etc)
Crime
Behavior that violates formal norms, violation of criminal law enacted by federal government
Violent crimes
crimes against people that involve violence or the threat of violence
Property crimes
crimes that involve theft of property belonging to others
Victimless crimes
Violations of law in which there are no obvious victims
(e.g., gambling, drug laws)
4 Purposes of Prison
- Retribution
- Incapacitation
- Deterrence
- Rehabilitation
Top 3 crimes committed in Canada
- Impaired driving
- Theft
- ‘Common’ assault (level 1 assault)
WHO are more likely to be the perpetrators homicide
WHO are more likely to be the victims homicide
MEN on MEN violence
- perpetrator usually knows the victim
- alcohol is usually involved
Strain Theory
Robert Merton
- Deviance increases when the social structure prevents people from achieving culturally-defined goals through legitimate means
- This strain causes deviance like rebellion
Travis Hirchi
Causes of delinquency
- Weak bond with parents
- Weak commitment- to conformity
- Involvement- to conventional activities
- Belief- in conventional values
Gottfredson and Hirschi
The General Theory of Crime
- Low self-control causes deviance and criminal activity
- Personality (developed in childhood) of people with low self control:
-self-centered
-inability to defer gratification
-lack of diligence and tenacity
-risk-seeking
-impulsive
-insensitive to needs of others
Broken Windows Theory
- Crime occurs whenever/wherever social controls are not strong (opportunity)
- As signs of social disorganization become more visible, poor communities degenerate into more crime
- best at explaining destructive property crime (especially vandalism)
Community Standards Bylaw
(Calgary, 2004):
Citizens are responsible for keeping their property at or above minimum standards
Normalization of Deviance
- “Edmonton’s first murder of the year”
- Paramedics at raves
Surveillance
The direct or indirect observation of conduct toward producing a desired outcome (ex; conformity)
Self- Surveillance
Monitoring our own behaviors in order to prevent being considered deviant
Michel Foucault
Power is always operating upon us
- ex: surveillance
- focuses on the individual
Edwin Lemert
The deviance label may result in deviance amplification
Primary Deviance
VS
Secondary Deviance
Primary Deviance: owing deviant behavior, doesn’t necessarily impact identify
Secondary Deviance: owing to deviant identity; self-fulfilling prophecy
Pygmalion Effect
Individuals are labeled deviant by those with power to construct the label
- ex: teacher was told 5 kids would have higher test score, classroom was observed, 5 kids perform better although they were picked at random
- AKA self-fulfilling proficiency
4 Factors of Pygmalion Effect
-
Climate Factor
- (Teacher tended to be ‘warmer’ (kinder, gentle etc)) -
Input Factor
- (More help, extra work) -
Response-Opportunity Factor
- (open to giving correction) -
Feedback Factor
- (more feedback to the 5)
Master status
a status characteristic that overrides other status characteristics in terms of how others see an individual
- (ex; convicted murderer)
Status Degradation
Rituals where deviant status is conferred
Caught stealing-> security-> handcuffs-> escorted to police car (public embarrassment)-> hearing -> courtroom trial
Albert Cohen
Cultural beliefs create and sustain deviant behavior
(ex; university drinking)
Edwin Sutherland
- Deviance grows from exposure to learning experiences that make deviance more likely
- Learning specific drives
