Family, Deviance & Crime

Question 1

Nuclear Family
VS
Extended Family
VS
Modified Extended Family

Answer 1

Nuclear families: consist of parents and children sharing a dwelling

Extended families: consist of several generations or adult siblings with their spouses and children who share a dwelling and resources

Modified extended family: several generations who live near each other and maintain close social and economic contact

Question 2

PolyGYNy
VS
PolyANDry

Answer 2

Polygyny: male has more than 1 wife

Polyandry: female has more than 1 husband

Question 3

Which province has the highest level of Cohabitation and why?

Answer 3

Quebec
- Catholics had control over everything
- Then the Quiet Revolution (1960s)
- This was done at a policy level (no protests)

Question 4

Prevalence

Answer 4

if you took a PICTURE of all Canadians right now, and looked at results

Question 5

Deviance

Answer 5

People, behavior and conditions subject to social control

Question 6

Social control

Answer 6

Ways in which members of social groups express their disapproval of people and behavior (name-calling, etc)

Question 7

Crime

Answer 7

Behavior that violates formal norms, violation of criminal law enacted by federal government

Question 8

Violent crimes

Answer 8

crimes against people that involve violence or the threat of violence

Question 9

Property crimes

Answer 9

crimes that involve theft of property belonging to others

Question 10

Victimless crimes

Answer 10

Violations of law in which there are no obvious victims
(e.g., gambling, drug laws)

Question 11

4 Purposes of Prison

Answer 11

1. Retribution
2. Incapacitation
3. Deterrence
4. Rehabilitation

Question 12

Top 3 crimes committed in Canada

Answer 12

1. Impaired driving
2. Theft
3. ‘Common’ assault (level 1 assault)

Question 13

WHO are more likely to be the perpetrators homicide

WHO are more likely to be the victims homicide

Answer 13

MEN on MEN violence
- perpetrator usually knows the victim
- alcohol is usually involved

Question 14

Strain Theory

Answer 14

Robert Merton
- Deviance increases when the social structure prevents people from achieving culturally-defined goals through legitimate means
- This strain causes deviance like rebellion

Question 15

Travis Hirchi

Answer 15

Causes of delinquency
- Weak bond with parents
- Weak commitment- to conformity
- Involvement- to conventional activities
- Belief- in conventional values

Question 16

Gottfredson and Hirschi

Answer 16

The General Theory of Crime

• Low self-control causes deviance and criminal activity
• Personality (developed in childhood) of people with low self control:
  -self-centered
  -inability to defer gratification
  -lack of diligence and tenacity
  -risk-seeking
  -impulsive
  -insensitive to needs of others

Question 17

Broken Windows Theory

Answer 17

• Crime occurs whenever/wherever social controls are not strong (opportunity)
• As signs of social disorganization become more visible, poor communities degenerate into more crime
• best at explaining destructive property crime (especially vandalism)

Question 18

Community Standards Bylaw
(Calgary, 2004):

Answer 18

Citizens are responsible for keeping their property at or above minimum standards

Question 19

Normalization of Deviance

Answer 19

• “Edmonton’s first murder of the year”
• Paramedics at raves

Question 20

Surveillance

Answer 20

The direct or indirect observation of conduct toward producing a desired outcome (ex; conformity)

Question 21

Self- Surveillance

Answer 21

Monitoring our own behaviors in order to prevent being considered deviant

Question 22

Michel Foucault

Answer 22

Power is always operating upon us
- ex: surveillance
- focuses on the individual

Question 23

Edwin Lemert

Answer 23

The deviance label may result in deviance amplification

Question 24

Primary Deviance
VS
Secondary Deviance

Answer 24

Primary Deviance: owing deviant behavior, doesn’t necessarily impact identify

Secondary Deviance: owing to deviant identity; self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 25

Pygmalion Effect

Answer 25

Individuals are labeled deviant by those with power to construct the label

• ex: teacher was told 5 kids would have higher test score, classroom was observed, 5 kids perform better although they were picked at random
• AKA self-fulfilling proficiency

Question 26

4 Factors of Pygmalion Effect

Answer 26

1. Climate Factor
   - (Teacher tended to be ‘warmer’ (kinder, gentle etc))
2. Input Factor
   - (More help, extra work)
3. Response-Opportunity Factor
   - (open to giving correction)
4. Feedback Factor
   - (more feedback to the 5)

Question 27

Master status

Answer 27

a status characteristic that overrides other status characteristics in terms of how others see an individual
- (ex; convicted murderer)

Question 28

Status Degradation

Answer 28

Rituals where deviant status is conferred

Caught stealing-> security-> handcuffs-> escorted to police car (public embarrassment)-> hearing -> courtroom trial

Question 29

Albert Cohen

Answer 29

Cultural beliefs create and sustain deviant behavior
(ex; university drinking)

Question 30

Edwin Sutherland

Answer 30

• Deviance grows from exposure to learning experiences that make deviance more likely
• Learning specific drives