Family and Culture

Question 1

Physiologic Needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy

Answer 1

• bottom of pyramid
• oxygen, water, food
• elimination, fluid balance
• temperature
• sexuality
• physical activity and rest

Question 2

Safety and Security needs

maslow’s hierarchy

Answer 2

• second priority
• both physical and emotional components
• protected from potential and actual harm
• interventions to meet these needs:
• hand hygiene to prevent infection, using electrical equipment properly, administering meds knowledgably, skillfully moving and ambulating patients

Question 3

love and belonging

maslow’s hierarchy

Answer 3

• middle of pyramid
• understanding and acceptance of others in giving and receiving love
• feeling of belonging to groups
• unmet needs produce loneliness and isolation

Question 4

self esteem

maslow’s hierarchy

Answer 4

• need for a person to feel good about oneself, to feel pride and sense of accomplishment
• facilitates the person’s confidence and independence
• affected by role changes and body image changes

Question 5

self - actualization needs

maslow’s hierarchy

Answer 5

• top level of pyramid
• acceptance of self and others as they are
• focus of interest on problems outside oneself
• ability to be objective
• feelings of happiness and affection for others
• respect for all people
• ability to discriminate between good and evil

Question 6

family functions

Answer 6

• physical
• economic
• reproductive
• affection and coping
• socialization

Question 7

Nurses in a long-term care facility use Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs to plan care for their patients. What is the expected outcome when using this hierarchy?

a. Accurate nursing diagnoses
b. Clear priorities of care
c. Concerns communicated concisely
d. Integration of science into nursing care

Answer 7

B. Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs is useful for establishing priorities of care.

Question 8

A nurse provides care for postoperative patients using meticulous hand hygiene and aseptic technique. Which of Maslow’s basic human needs is the nurse addressing?

a. Physiologic
b. Safety and security
c. Self-esteem
d. Love and belonging

Answer 8

b. By using meticulous hand hygiene and aseptic technique, nurses prevent infection, which falls under safety. An example of a physiologic need is clearing a patient’s airway. Self-esteem needs may be met by allowing an older adult to talk about a past career. An example of helping meet a love and belonging need is contacting a hospitalized patient’s family to arrange a visit.

Question 9

A nurse caring for families in a free health care clinic assesses for psychosocial risk factors for altered family health. Which example best describes one of these risk factors?

a. The family does not have dental care insurance or resources to pay for it.
b. Both parents work and leave a 12-year-old child to care for his younger brother.
c. Both parents and their children are considerably overweight.
d. The youngest member of the family has cerebral palsy and needs assistance from community services.

Answer 9

b. Inadequate childcare resources are a psychosocial risk factor. Not having access to dental care and obese family members are lifestyle risk factors. Having a family member with birth defects is a biologic factor.

Question 10

Culture

Answer 10

• shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations
• provides social structure for daily living
• influences roles and interactions with others and in families and communities

Question 11

Cultural assimilation

Answer 11

• minorities living within a dominant group lose the characteristics that made them different
• values replaced by those of the dominant culture

Question 12

Culture shock

Answer 12

• the feelings a person experiences when placed in a different culture
• may result in pyschological discomfort or disturbances

Question 13

Ethnicity

Answer 13

• sense of identification with a collective cultural group
• largely based on cultural group’s heritage
• largely develops through day-to-day life with family and friends within the community

Question 14

Implicit bias

Answer 14

• when we hold attitudes toward people or associate stereotypes with them without conscious knowledge

Question 15

Cultural imposition

Answer 15

the belief that everyone else should conform to your own belief system

Question 16

Cultural blindness

Answer 16

when one ignores differences and proceeds as though they do not exist

Question 17

Culture conflict

Answer 17

when people become aware of cultural differences, feel threatened, and respond by ridiculing the beliefs and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure about their own values

Question 18

Common health problems in Native Americans

Answer 18

• heart disease
• cirrhosis of the liver
• diabetes mellitus
• fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 19

Common health problems in African Americans

Answer 19

• hypertension
• stroke
• sickle cell anemia
• lactose intolerance
• keloids

Question 20

Common health problems among the Asian population

Answer 20

• hypertension
• liver cancer
• lactose intolerance
• thalassemia

Question 21

Common health problems among the white population

Answer 21

• breast cancer
• heart disease
• hypertension
• diabetes mellitus
• obesity

Question 22

Common health problems among the Hispanic population

Answer 22

• lactose intolerance
• diabetes mellitus

Question 23

Common health problems among the Eastern European Jewish population

Answer 23

• Tay sachs disease
• spinal muscular atrophy
• Gaucher disease
• Cystic Fibrosis

Question 24

Linguistic Competence

Answer 24

the ability of caregivers and organizations to understand and effectively respond to the lingustic needs of the patient and family in a health care encounter

Question 25

Elements of cultural competence

Answer 25

• developing self - awareness
• knowledge and understanding of a patient’s culture
• accepting and respecting cultural differences
• resisting judgemental attitudes
• being open to and comfortable with cultural encounters
• accepting responsibility for ones own cultural comptetency

Question 26

Ethnocentrism

Answer 26

belief that one’s ideas, beliefs, or practices are the best or superior or are most preferred to those of others

Question 27

Cultural humility

Answer 27

Recognition of diversity and power imbalances among individuals or communities, with the action of being open, self-aware, egoless, flexible, exuding respect and supportive interactions, focusing on both self and other to formulate a tailored response.

Question 28

A nurse tells a patient, “tonight’s menu selection is pork. I understand many people in your culture do not eat pork; may I order something else for you?” When the patient states they no longer observe this dietary practice, the nurse understands that the patient has experienced what transition?
a. Cultural assimilation
b. Cultural imposition
c. Culture shock
d. Ethnocentrism

Answer 28

a. Assimilation occurs when minority groups living within a dominant group lose the cultural characteristics that make them different. Cultural imposition occurs when one person believes that everyone should conform to their own belief system. Culture shock occurs when a person is placed in a different culture perceived as strange, and ethnocentrism is the belief that the ideas, beliefs, and practices of one’s own cultural group are best, superior, or most preferred to those of other groups.

Question 29

A nurse tells a new mother from Africa that she should not carry her infant in a sling because bassinets are safer. The charge nurse suggests the nurse is displaying which behavior?
a. Cultural imposition
b. Clustering
c. Cultural competency
d. Stereotyping

Answer 29

a. The nurse is trying to impose her belief that bassinets are preferable to baby slings on the African mother—in spite of the fact that African women have safely carried babies in these slings for years.