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Fundamentals Final Exam > EBP and Informatics > Flashcards

EBP and Informatics Flashcards

1
Q

Traditional Knowledge

A
  • passed down through generations
    (changing bed linens each day)
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2
Q

Authoritative Knowledge

A
  • comes from an expert and is accepted as truth due to perceived expertise
    (senior nurse teaching a new grad a more effiecient way of inserting IV catheter)
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3
Q

Scientific Knowledge

A
  • knowledge obtained through scientific method, new ideas are tested systematically
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4
Q

PICOT format for asking questions

A

P - patient, population, problem
I - intervention
C - comparison
O - outcome
T - time

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5
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

method by which one examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas

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6
Q

What is Quantitative Research?

A

Information the researcher collects from subjects in the study that can be expressed in numbers

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7
Q

Types of Quantitative Research

A
  • Descriptive: describing concepts, identifying relationships
  • Correlation: Examine the degree of the relationship between 2 or more variables
  • Quasi-Experimental: Examine cause and effect relationship - often conducted in clinical setting
  • Experimental: Conducted in a laboratory setting, actual experiment with dependent and independent variables
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8
Q

What is Qualitative Research?

A

Primarily analyzes words or narratives rather than numbers

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9
Q

Which of the four common concepts in nursing theory did Florence Nightengale emphasize the most?

A

The environment

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10
Q

Which of the four concepts is the central theme in theoretical frameworks of nursing?

A

The person receiving the care

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11
Q

What are the four common concepts of Florence Nightengale’s nursing theory?

A

Person
Health
Environment
Nursing

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12
Q

What are the different levels of the Hierarchy of Evidence?

A

Level 1: Systematic Review: (considered the highest level of evidence; compilation of all the studies done on a subject - similar results, very predictable)

Level 2: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs): (Studies done with experimental and control groups - may be double-blind)

Level 3: Controlled Cohort Studies: All variables are controlled

Level 4: Uncontrolled Cohort Studies: Not all variables are controlled

Level 5: Case Studies, Qualitative and Descriptive studies, QI projects, EBP implementation

Level 6: Expert Opinion: Most biased, least predictable, more subjective

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13
Q

What is included in an abstract?

A
  • Summarizes the entire article and provides the purpose of the study
  • Found at the beginning of the article
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14
Q

What is included in the introduction of a research article?

A
  • Review of literature
  • Specific purpose of the study (background of the problem being studied)
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15
Q

What is included in the method section of a research article?

A
  • Subject of the study
  • Research design
  • Data collected
  • How the data was analyzed
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16
Q

What is included in the results section of a research article?

A
  • Findings in both words and charts, tables, graphs
17
Q

What is included in the discussion/conclusion of a research article?

A
  • What the results mean
  • Suggestions for further research
  • Application to nursing theory or practice
18
Q

What is included in the references section of a research article?

A
  • List of articles and books used by the researcher
  • Found at the end of the article
19
Q

What are the
Steps of Evidence Based Practice?

A

Step 0: Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
Step 1: Ask a burning clinical question in PICOT form
Step 2: Search for and collect the most relevant best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: Integrate the best evidence with one’s clinical practice (Implement the change)
Step 5: Evaluate the outcomes of the practice decision or change based on evidence
Step 6: Disseminate the outcomes of the EBP decision or change ➡️ spread the word

20
Q

What is nursing informatics?

A
  • The combination of Nursing Science, Analytical Sciences, and Information Management

Data ➡️ Information ➡️ Knowledge ➡️ Wisdom

Examples:
Data: A client’s blood pressure and HR
Information: A printout of a client’s history and physical examination
Knowledge: The nurse’s knowledge of a disease
Wisdom: A nurse’s interpretation of a change in the client’s condition

21
Q

What is an Information Nurse?

A
  • Has an interest in the informatics field
  • Is considered a super user
  • Has assisted with implementation of the EHR
  • Training is primarily on the job
22
Q

What is an Informatics Nurse Specialist?

A
  • Nurse with formal graduate level education
  • Responsible for strategy development, implementation, maintenance, and evaluation of the Clinical Information System (CIS)
23
Q

What is the
System Development Lifecycle?

A
  • Phase 1: Analyze and Plan
  • Phase 2: Design and Develop
  • Phase 3: Test
  • Phase 4: Train
  • Phase 5: Implement
  • Phase 6: Maintain
  • Phase 7: Evaluate
24
Q

What does
System Usability
refer to?

A
  • The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals effeciently
  • Making systems easy to use, intuitive, and supportive of nurse’s workflow
25
Q

What kinds of tests are done during Phase 3 of the System Development Lifecycle?

A
  • Unit Testing: during design and development; basic overview - formatting, checking for typos
  • Function Testing: after unit testing; tests one particular function
  • Integration Testing: After function testing; Make sure it works for multiple components of the system
  • Performance Testing: After integration testing; more technical, ensures proper function with high volumes of end users
  • User acceptance testing: After all the other testing; Final phase where end users test drive the system
26
Q

What is
System Optimization?

A

Strategies to:
* improve processes
* maximize effective use
* reduce errors
* reduce costs
* eliminate workflow inefficiencies
* improve clinical decision support
* improve end user skils and satisfaction

Examples: Reodering the sequence of screens that initially required nurses to go to three different places to document a procedure; creating an alert to a nurse when a urinary catheter has been in place for more than 48 hours

27
Q

What does it mean to use Standard Terminology in Informatics?

A
  • Drop down boxes
  • Checkboxes

Allows data to be aggregated and analyzed more efficiently

28
Q

What does Interoperability mean?

A
  • The ability to share patient data across health care systems

Pulling data from other health care entities where a patient has been seen

29
Q

What does blockchain mean in regards to Informatics?

A
  • Digital information (the block) stored in a public database (the chain).
  • Optimizes patient data management and portability
  • Manages professional nurse credentialing and education
  • Safeguards clinical trials and expedites nursing research
30
Q

What are emerging areas in the field of informatics?

A
  • Patient Portals
  • Health Care Analytics
  • Telehealth and mobile technologies
  • Hospital at Home
  • Unique Nurse Identifiers
  • Genetics and Genomics Precision Medicine
31
Q

What is the PDSA model of quality improvement?

A
  • PLAN: Describe objective, change being tested, predictions, needed action steps, and the plan for collecting data
  • DO: Run the test, describe what happens, collect data
  • STUDY: Analyze data, compare outcomes to predictions, summarize what you learned
  • ACT: Decide what is next, make changes and start another cycle

Fundamentals Final Exam (7 decks)

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