Family Flashcards
1
Q
Measuring Fertility
A
- Crude Birth Rate: live births p.a per 1000
- Total Fertility Rate: average number of live births by age 50
2
Q
Reasons for variations in fertility rates
A
lack of contraception sex education demographic transition religion cultural practices access to health-care lack of social security disasters and war infant mortality
3
Q
Effect of Medical Advances
A
- reduce infant mortality
- contraception
- maternal health
- assisted reproduction
4
Q
Effect of female education
A
- opportunity cost of child-bearing
- awareness of contraception
- impact social norms
- child health
5
Q
Effect of economic prosperity
A
- occupational structure
- access to education
- prevalence of child labour
6
Q
Effect of Social Policy
A
- coercive social policy
- family planning
- social insurance
- ## childcare
7
Q
Effect of culture and norms
A
- gender roles
- religious belief
- feminism
8
Q
Demographic transition
A
transition from high to low fertility and mortality rates
9
Q
Demographic dividend
A
brief period of economic growth as health improves & fertility falls. Fewer dependent children or grandparents, bulge of adults in the middle
