Family

Question 1

who is the functionalist sociologist for family and what do they argue

Answer 1

Murdock (1949) argues family includes adults of both sexes and one or more children. characterised by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction

Question 2

what are the four functions of the nuclear family

Answer 2

sexual
reproductive
educational
economic

Question 3

what are criticisms to Murdock (A03)

Answer 3

-there are other family types
-neglects exploitation (marxists and feminists)

Question 4

what are Parsons two roles for each member of the family

Answer 4

Men- Instrumental role
Women- Expressive role

Question 5

what was involved in the instrumental role

Answer 5

‘breadwinner’
main goal to achieve success at work to provide financially

Question 6

what was involved in the expressive role

Answer 6

relieve burden of instrumental by providing love and understanding whilst continuing to be primary carer

Question 7

what does Bott theorise

Answer 7

depending on a families extended networks they either had joint conjugal roles or segregated conjugal roles. if spouse has wide social network, more pressure to have segregated conjugal roles

Question 8

what do Wilmott and Young argue

Answer 8

‘march of progress’, by 1973 families have become more symmetrical

Question 9

what are some reasons for a march of progress

Answer 9

changes in womens position in society
more women working
geographical mobility
new tech and labour devices

Question 10

what did Oakley (1974) argue

Answer 10

symmetrical family idea was flawed, argues mens small part in housework seen as equal

Question 11

how much of how many hours of unpaid work were women doing before the pandemic

Answer 11

3/4 of 16 billion hours

Question 12

what did Man-Vee Kan (2001) argue

Answer 12

income, age and education have a +/- correlation with amount of housework women do. for every 10k increase in salary, women do 2 hours less in housework

Question 13

what does Gershuny (1994) argue

Answer 13

wives who work do less housework:
no work= 83%
part time= 82%
full time= 73%
argues increase in equality is due to shift in norms and values, seeing working as the norm for women

Question 14

what does Crompton (1997) argue

Answer 14

agrees with Gershuny however argues instead of it being a shift in norms and values, it is linked to earning power

Question 15

what is the triple shift and who argued for it

Answer 15

Hochschild (1983)- mothers do paid work, domestic work and support family emotionally

Question 16

what is the mental load

Answer 16

women having to remember to do tasks around the house as well as other work

Question 17

what did Dunne (1999) find

Answer 17

homosexual couples more likely to split domestic work equally

Question 18

what % of adults aged 16-74 experience domestic abuse

Answer 18

5.7%

Question 19

how many assaults did women face before reporting

Answer 19

3

Question 20

what do Dobash and Dobash (2007) argue

Answer 20

violent incidents often occur due to the husband perceiving something as challenging his authority

Question 21

what are the three marxist functions of the family

Answer 21

inheritance of property
ideological functions
unit of consumption

Question 22

how do marxists argue ideological functions of the family reinforce capitalsim

Answer 22

by enforcing a hierarchy in the family, children are taught to be submissive to power

Question 23

how do marxists argue the unit of consumption reinforce capitalsim

Answer 23

it exploits the labour of the workers making a profit by selling the products of their labour for more than it pays them to produce

Question 24

what are two criticisms of the marxist view of family

Answer 24

-too deterministic as assumes people passively accept socialisation
-ignores fact nuclear family is no longer main type of family

Question 25

what two functions does Benston (1972) believe housewives serve (marxist feminist)

Answer 25

-provide care for current and future workers
-be a cheap reserve army of labour

Question 26

what does Greer (2000) argue

Answer 26

marriage reinforces patriarchal relations from the outset and once honeymoon period is over marriage settles into a pattern of husbands spending more money and time on themselves

Question 27

who is the liberal feminist and what does she argue

Answer 27

Somerville (2000) argues greater effort needs to be made for policies to encourage greater equality

Question 28

who are the personal life perspective sociologists

Answer 28

Morgan (1996)
Smart (2014)

Question 29

what are structural theories

Answer 29

top down- believe society is controlled by government (marxists/functionalists)

Question 30

what are personal life perspective interactionalist theories

Answer 30

bottom up- believe society is a product of everyday interactions

Question 31

what did Morgan (1996) argue

Answer 31

family practices- quality of family connections is main part of what makes society

Question 32

what does Smart (2014) argue

Answer 32

structural theories make generalisations of the family