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family Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 functionalist views of family

A

PARSONS
- stable and supportive family are key to successful socialisation
- men and women should have clean cut divisions in labour
- expressive female (taking care of children and emotional support)
- instrumental male (breadwinner)
- supported by warm bath theory

WILLMOTT AND YOUNG
- family becoming less involved with extended family
- previously relied on extended for healthcare and financial support
- now welfare state + geographical mobility no longer needed

WILLMOTT AND YOUNG
- families had become more symmetrical
- large scale social survey (over 2000 participants)
- both husband and wife made similar contributions i.e chores and decisions
- more common in working class families

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2
Q

issues with parsons view ( expressive and instrumental)

A

outdated + family isnt only agency of socialisation (i.e peer groups , media etc)

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3
Q

two -three

feminist view

A

DELPHY + LEONARD
- men - not capitalism- benefited most from family structure
- family is a patriarchal instutution which benefits men
- women contribute most to family life in terms of domestic work, emotional work and support + child birth and care
- exploitation of women
- men make big decisions -

ANNE OAKLEY
- even in the 70s women still had to do most housework
- study in 1974 found 70% of women dissatisfied w/ housework
- dual burden
- criticises symmetrical family

ANNE OAKLEY
- children are socialised into gender roles within the family : canalisation, manipulation, language, toys and games

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4
Q

two - three

marxist view

A

ALTHUSSER
- nuclear family is tool by upper class to teach children to submit to authority and create an obediant workforce
- parents teach kids via sanctions and instruction - listen to authority
- teach essential norms and values such as respect and listening to authority
- parents role model as they go to work
-
ZARETSKY
- families consume products of capitalism
- pester power / keeping up with the joneses
- compete for best products of capitalism

ZARETSKY
- family supports capitalism
- family performs psychological function where workers have their needs met and are nurtured and supported
- cushions damage done by exploitation and capitalism
- women work for capitalism for free - keep workers fed, clothed and produce next generation
- benefits bourgeoisie

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5
Q

3 global differences in childhood

A
  • monogamy vs polygamy
  • one child policy
  • individualist vs collectiviust
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6
Q

reasons for single hood

A
  • changing position of women ( sue sharpe)
  • increase in divorce rates
  • changing norms (left on the shelf)
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7
Q

reasons for single parents

A
  • increase in divorce - 1969 divorce reform act
  • changinging position of women ( used to rely on men 4 financial support)
  • changing norms ( less stigmatized)
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8
Q

reasons childhood is a social construct

A

-historical differences (child labour)
- cross cultural difference (ethnicity / gender)
- international differences ( 21 countries use child soldiers in active wars)

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9
Q

childhood better now

A
  • ARIES says we are living in century of the child
  • before Parents had authority, strict discipline, children ‘seen and not heard’
  • children used to be seen as mini adults
  • childline and other organisations for child safety
  • family sizes are smaller so more attention
  • families are more ‘child centered’
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10
Q

childhood better then

A
  • PALMER argeus today is a toxic childhood
  • technology + fast food causing increasing obesity rates
  • changing position of women - both parents working so less attention -less home cooked meals
  • more safety restrictions - no freedom
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11
Q

3 methods of gender role socialisation

A
  • canalisation ( i.e girls = ballet)
  • manipulation ( i.e boys told off for ballet)
  • ## via toys and games (i.e girls barbies boys legos)
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12
Q

canalisation

A

children being encouraged into specific intrests based on gender

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13
Q

manipulation

A

children controlled into specific behavour via sanctions and instruction

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14
Q

toys and games

A

children given gendered toys that encourage different behavoursand activities

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15
Q

who are Delphy and leonard

A

Radical Feminists - argue men benefit from capitalism

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16
Q

Ann oakleys research

A
  • Feminist - research showed women still do majority housework in 70s (777)
  • dual burden theory (women work both outside and inside the home)
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17
Q

Parsons

A
  • Functionalist
  • expressive and instrumental role
  • family only has 2 main functions
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18
Q

Willmott and young

A

Functionalists - symmetrical family and loss of extended family

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19
Q

Zaretsky

A

Marxist
- nuclear family tool of capitalism to further exploit proletariat
- familyconsumesproducts of capitalism

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20
Q

Marxist consumer view of family

A
  • family are consumer units for capitalism
  • buy products of capitalism from ruling class ( big house , cars etc)
  • keeping up with the jones’ and pester power
    Benefitting the bourgeois
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21
Q

zaretskys theory of how family prevents revolution

A
  • marxists believe society is unfair system that feeds into capitalism
  • they believe this will lead to revolution
  • Zaretsky argues this hasn’t happened due to the ‘cult of private life’
  • individuals focus on family and ignore injustices of capitalism
  • family also performs psychological function which cushions damage done by exploitation and capitalism

Tldr - revolution won’t happen as ppl are more focused on family

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22
Q

Parsons view of the family

A
  • stable family is key to successful socialisation
  • men and women have separate roles
  • M - instrumental ( bread winner) W- expressive ( house & childcare)
  • Supported by warm bath theory
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23
Q

criticisms of willmott and young symmetrical family

A

feminists disagree
- Anne Oakley argued concept of of symmetrical family and data from 1973 study were flawed
- men often only made small contributions to housework which willmott and young counted as shared roles
- also argued women have a dual burden
- more women were going to work but while still doing the bulk of housework and childcare

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24
Q

issues with marxist view

A
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25
Q

issues with feminist view

A
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26
Q

zaretsky view of the family in terms of women

A
  • family is tool for the ruling class
  • family acts as a safe haven where workers have their needs met and are nurtured and supported and feel they have control
  • cushions damage done by exploitation and capitalism
  • women work for capitalism for free - keep workers fed, clothed and produce next generation
  • this defers workers from revolting
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27
Q

breadwinner

A

The person in the family who earns the
money, usually the male

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28
Q

cereal packet family

A

The ‘ideal’ nuclear family shown in
the media and advertising.

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29
Q

cohabitation

A
  • When two partners live together in a
    relationship without being married
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30
Q

conjugal roles

A
  • The domestic roles of married partners- who does what in the home.
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31
Q

division of domestic labour

A

The division of tasks such
as housework and childcare in the family.

32
Q

double shift

A

When women are in full time employment
and be responsible for household tasks.

33
Q

expressive role

A

Traditionally a woman’s role in the
family according to Parsons, where they look after the emotional needs of the family

34
Q

family diversity

A

This means there are a range of
families in society today e.g. lone-parent, reconstituted,
same-sex.

35
Q

household

A

One or more people who live at the same
address but may not related e.g. university students.

36
Q

instrumental role

A

Traditionally the male’s role within
the family to be the breadwinner and provide financially for the family.

37
Q

lone parent family

A

A family of one parent and their
dependent children Usually headed by the mother

38
Q

neo-conventional family

A
  • A typical nuclear family but
    where both parents go to work.
39
Q

reconstituted family

A
  • A family of one man and one
    woman with children from previous relationships.
40
Q

secularisation

A

A decline in religious belief and activity

41
Q

symmetrical family

A
  • Families which are equal on both
    sides where partners have joint roles
42
Q

has there been an increase or decrease in nuclear family type and why

A

decrease due to -
Secularisation
Increase in divorce
Changing position of women

43
Q

has there been an increase or decrease in lone parent family type and why

A

increase due to -
Increase in divorce
Changing position of women
Changing attitudes

44
Q

has there been an increase or decrease in reconstituted family type and why

A

increase due to -
Increase in divorce
Changing attitudes
Greater individualism

45
Q

has there been an increase or decrease in same sex family type and why

A

increase due to -
Changing laws (gay marriage is legalised)
Changing attitudes

46
Q

has there been an increase or decrease in beanpole family type and why

A

increase due to -
Increase in life expectancy
Decrease in the birth rate

47
Q

has there been an increase or decrease in neo-conventional family type and why

A

increase due to -
Changes in law (equal pay)
Changing attitudes
Changing position of women

48
Q

has there been an increase or decrease in cohabiting family type and why

A

increase due to -
Changing attitudes
Changing position of women
Increase in divorce

49
Q

has there been an increase or decrease in one person household and why

A

increase due to -
Increase in divorce
Longer life expectancy
Greater individualism

50
Q

what were families like in pre industrial britain

A

Extended families, worked as a
productive unit, families performed most functions

51
Q

what were families like in industrial britain

A

Nuclear families, male took on breadwinner
role, government took over functions from families (welfare state)

52
Q

what are families like in modern / contemporary britain

A

Family diversity, diversity of roles,
smaller families

53
Q

how are extended families less important today

A

Extended families may be less important today due to:
- seeing less of each other (living far away - geographical mobility), may only see for special occasions

54
Q

how are extended families still important today

A

day due to:
Grandparents helping with childcare, better technology
to keep in contact, still common in some cultures

55
Q

trends in divorce

A

42% of marriages end in divorce
The divorce rate has increased compared to 30 years ago
The divorce rate

56
Q

reasons for increase in divorce rate

A
  • Changes in law – Divorce reform act (1969) widened the grounds for
    divorce (to include irretrievable breakdown), waiting time for a divorce decreased from 3-1 years
  • Changing attitudes – More acceptable to divorce
  • Changing position of women – greater financial independence
57
Q

what did the 1969 divorce reform act do

A

Divorce reform act (1969) widened the grounds for
divorce (to include irretrievable breakdown), waiting time for a divorce decreased from 3-1 years

58
Q

when was the divorce reform act passed

A

1969

59
Q

functionalist view of divorce

A
  • divorce can lead to fewer dysfunctional families and greater harmony.
  • Divorce creates jobs to help the economy.
  • Divorce shows people have higher expectations of marriage
60
Q

marxist view of divorce

A

divorce is more common in working class families due to stress/inequality caused by capitalism

61
Q

feminist view of divorce

A

divorce can be positive to allow women to escape patriarchal
relationships

62
Q
A
63
Q
A
64
Q

trends of first time marriages

A

First time marriages
are decreasing

65
Q

trends of remarriages

A

Remarriages are
increasing

66
Q

what is happening to the age of first time marriages

A

its increasing

67
Q

reasons for decrease in first time marriages

A

Secularisation / changing attitudes
Changing position of women
Increasing cost of marriage

68
Q

reasons people are marrying later / age of first time marriages increasing

A

Changing position of women
Increasing cost of marriage
Changing attitudes

69
Q

impacts of increased remarriages

A

More reconstituted families
Serial monogamy

70
Q

reasons gender roles are more equal

A

symmetrical families – joint conjugal roles
The New Man
changingposition of women

71
Q

reasons gender roles aren’t more equal

A
  • Double shift/triple shift
  • The New Man is myth – women still responsible (men cherry pick) for housework/childcare
  • Men still make the most important decisions
  • ¼ women are victims of domestic abuse (evidence of patriarchy)
72
Q

the new man

A

man shares the domestic labour more equally, in touch with feminine side and emotions, treats women as equals, cares more about his appearance than is traditional

73
Q

triple shift

A

when a person is responsible for three jobs, e.g. paid work + housework + emotional support = triple shift

74
Q

sandwich generation

A

A generation of people who must simultaneously care for their children and their elderly parents.

75
Q
A
76
Q

Conjugal roles

A

Roles played by partners in a marriage or cohabitation ie cooking childcare etc

Sociology (5 decks)

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