Families and households, demography Flashcards
what is birth rate?
the amount of live births per one thousand of the population per year
what is the trend of birth rate in the uk?
it is declining, since 1990 the birth rate has declined from 28.7 to just 12.2 in 2014
what is total fertility rate?
tfr is the amount of children women typically have during their fertile years
what are the reasons for decline in birth rate?
changing positions of women
decline in infant mortality rate
children are now an economic liability
what does the changing position of women mean?
women now have more opportunity within education and their career making them more focused on their career and achievement
what does the decline in infant mortality mean?
due to health care improving less infants are dying and parents no longer need to have more children to replace the ones that die (Harper)
what does the term children are now economic liabilities mean
it means that children now cost parents money due to child labour laws and the idea of the golden childhood parents are now reliable for creating a good childhood and giving children everything they need
what is child centredness
that now as a society we value childhood and see it as one of the most important times of life meaning that parents are now spending all their time and money on their children
what is death rate
the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year
why has death rate fallen?
improved nutrition
medical improvements
smoking and diet
public health measures
other social changes
explain improved nutrition
mckeown says that due to improved nutrition we are now able to fight infection meaning the decline in death rate can be explained from improved nutrition
how have medical improvements lowered death rate
before 1950 medical knowledge was not taught and actually caused death. since then medical knowledge has improved and is now more advanced than ever making us able to pro long life and prevent death
explain how smoking and diet have lowered death rate
harper believes that due to smoking not being normalised anymore is has reduced death rate and diet is now overtaking smoking with there being high rates of obesity but they can be helped with drug therapy
