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families and households Flashcards

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1
Q

Murdock’s view on family

A

SEER
sexual, economic, education and reproduction

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2
Q

Murdock evaluation (4)

A

ignores same sex families
families may have other functions e.g. love
Nayyar- the mothers brothers look after the children
Marxists argue it reproduces capitalism.

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3
Q

Parsons view on family

A

nuclear family is best
1. primary socialisation of children
2. stabilisation of adult personalities
also known as the warm bath theory

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4
Q

Parsons evaluation

A

rose- tinted, ignores abuse
ignores other family types
feminist (Browne) argues housework also causes stress leading to mental illness

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5
Q

what is pester power

A

when children pester their parents in order to get the newest thing/ what they want

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6
Q

what is keeping up with the jones’s

A

when you see what people around you have and therefore want it too

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7
Q

what is the family according to marxists
the family is a…

A

unit of consumption

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8
Q

who are the three key Marxist speakers

A

Engels, Althusser and Zaretsky

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9
Q

what is Engels argument

A

the family is like a business arrangement
men provide money etc while women act like a prostitute and provide an heir.
this keeps the wealth within the hands of the bourgeoisie.

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10
Q

what is an evaluation of Engels

A

it is not very romantic as it sees women as prostitutes
not all families want children
only talks about the nuclear family and ignores family diversity

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11
Q

what is Althusser’s argument

A

Althusser believes the family have the function of the ISA (ideological state apparatus) this is where the proletariat are taught that capitalism is right and prevents them from rebelling

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12
Q

what is an evaluation of Althusser

A

ignores social mobility in which families are given the ability to move social class if they work for it
as well as this feminists argue Marxists place too much emphasis on capitalism while ignoring other inequalities

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13
Q

what is Zaretsky’s argument

A

the family acts as a cushioning effect and the woman comforts the man when he comes home from the stress of the workplace
the family is also a place in which men get to be in charge, ‘the king of the castle’

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14
Q

what is an evaluation of Zaretsky

A

outdated as women now also work (duel earner families)
ignores the positives of the family

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15
Q

what is patriarchy

A

a society dominated by men

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16
Q

what do feminists believe are the roles of the family are

A

socialising girls to accept subservient roles and socialising women to accept the housewife role

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17
Q

what are the three types of feminism

A

liberal, radical and Marxist

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18
Q

how many women a week are killed by (ex) partners

A

3 a week

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19
Q

what do liberal feminists argue

A

things aren’t completely equal at the moment however they are improving through laws and policies e.g. Equal Pay Act 1970
Somerville argues that things are improving however recognises further changes need to be made

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20
Q

what is an evaluation of liberal feminists

A

radical feminists argue they are too happy with the changes already made and don’t recognise how wide gender inequality is

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21
Q

what do Marxist feminists argue

A

that women are exploited by both patriarchy and capitalism

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22
Q

what does Marxist feminist Ansley argue

A

women are the ‘takers of shit’

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23
Q

what does Marxist feminist Beechy argue

A
  1. women reproduce the labor force
    2.women are a ‘reserve army of cheap labour’
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24
Q

what do radical feminists argue

A

that women should live in matrifocal households (only women)

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25
Q

what is an evaluation of radical feminists

A

they make all men look bad
not all women want to live without men/ be a lesbian
what happens to sons of mothers?

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26
Q

what is the triple shift

A

emotional work, career and domestic work

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27
Q

who argued the triple shift

A

Duncombe and Marsden

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28
Q

what is the new right preferred family

A

nuclear

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29
Q

what do the new right blame the decline of the nuclear family on (4)

A

teenage pregnancies, young offenders, emotional trauma and educational failure

30
Q

what do the new right believe about single parent families

A

they are ‘feckless’ and rely on benefits (only have children for benefits)

31
Q

what does Charles Murray argue

A

the welfare state has created a dependency culture
he is scathing of lone parent families
there is an ‘underclass’ in society that rely on benefits

32
Q

what is an evaluation of the new right

A

they exaggerate the decline of the nuclear family
they are extremely prejudice
they only place blame upon women

33
Q

what do postmodernists believe

A

there is no longer a dominant family type, serial monogamy is more popular

34
Q

what is the supermarket of life

A

picking and changing your partner

35
Q

what does beck-Gernsheim and Stacy argue

A

people are no longer bound by tradition

36
Q

what does Stacy argue

A

‘diverse, fluid and unresolved’ diversity is here to stay and there is no normal/ best family

37
Q

what is an evaluation of postmodernism

A

functionalists argue the family is unstable
there isn’t as much diversity as they claim
they don’t use any evidence e.g. statistics

38
Q

who came up with the ‘labelling theory’

A

Becker

39
Q

what is labelling theory

A

when you give someone a label e.g. criminal. they are told they are criminal for so long that it becomes their master status, its all they are. they then self fulfill their prophecy and become a criminal

40
Q

what experiment do we link with Jane Elliot

A

blue eyes brown eyes.
told blue eyes they were great, they did great in school told brown eyes they were bad and they did bad
swapped it around

41
Q

what do functionalists Young and Willmott argue

A

that the family is symmetrical and jobs are shared equally

42
Q

why does feminist Oakley criticise the symmetrical family?

A

she found that men only had to do one job a week to be involved in THE statistic
as well as this women still found domestic labour to be their priority and responsibility

43
Q

what does feminist Oakley argue

A

that domestic labour is hard, unrewarding and routine

44
Q

what is the general marriage trend

A

decreasing

45
Q

marriage statistic

A

213,122 heterosexual marriages in 2019, lowest since 1888

46
Q

why has marriage declined

A

secularisation, cost, changing role of women, fear of divorce, cohabitation, serial monogamy

47
Q

what’s the difference between an arranged marriage and a forced marriage

A

arranged marriages are consensual and do not break the law

48
Q

what is a strength and weakness of an arranged marriage

A

s- no stress of finding a partner, parents would pick someone suitable
w- maintains men’s power over women, limits personal choice

49
Q

what does Mead argue about cohabitation

A

that it is a trial for marriage ‘probationary mariage’

50
Q

what does Mcrae argue about cohabitation

A

is cohabitation that different to marriage?

51
Q

what do Allan and Crow argue about cohabitation

A

contraception made it possible

52
Q

why has cohabitation risen

A

change in social attitude, see your partners true colours, fear of divorce, secularisation

53
Q

what are some limitations of cohabitation

A

Murphy- children of cohabitating parents are disadvantaged
Wilson and Stutchbury- cohabitating is less stable

54
Q

what are LAT’s

A

living apart, together
a couple which live separately

55
Q

what is a reason for LAT’s

A

habits that annoy each other etc.

56
Q

is divorce increasing or decreasing

A

increasing

57
Q

divorce statistic (2)

A

in 202 there were 11,505 divorces a 9.6% increase from 2020
half of all marriages end in divorce

58
Q

who are more at risk of divorces?

A

rushed marriage
children of divorce
financial problems

59
Q

why has divorce increased

A

changing role of women, easier, less stigma etc.

60
Q

1949 legal aid and advice act

A

those filing for divorce had to prove guilt

61
Q

1969 divorce reform act

A

women could file for divorce without proof

62
Q

why are birth and fertility rates dropping

A

contraception, changing role of women, decline in infant mortality rate

63
Q

child mortality statistic

A

1990 22.5% would die before their 5th birthday, 2015 0.5%

64
Q

why is here a decline in infant mortality

A

free healthcare, medical advancements, increased guidance e.g. midwifes

65
Q

sue sharpe study

A

1976- girls priority love marriage children
1994- job, career, independancy

66
Q

what is the life course

A

the sequence of events and actions in an individuals life history

67
Q

what do Allan and Crow argue about the life course

A

it was a standard process and cycle which reset with your children however now multiple choices and paths are available

68
Q

what is the personal life perspective

A

interactions between people in relationships and the networks that connects individuals

69
Q

the work of May 2011

A

greater family diversity and people construct their own networks to develop their own needs

70
Q

what is the benefit of a support network

A

have your best interest, fit your needs

71
Q
A

sociology and history (5 decks)

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