families and households

Question 1

Murdock’s view on family

Answer 1

SEER
sexual, economic, education and reproduction

Question 2

Murdock evaluation (4)

Answer 2

ignores same sex families
families may have other functions e.g. love
Nayyar- the mothers brothers look after the children
Marxists argue it reproduces capitalism.

Question 3

Parsons view on family

Answer 3

nuclear family is best
1. primary socialisation of children
2. stabilisation of adult personalities
also known as the warm bath theory

Question 4

Parsons evaluation

Answer 4

rose- tinted, ignores abuse
ignores other family types
feminist (Browne) argues housework also causes stress leading to mental illness

Question 5

what is pester power

Answer 5

when children pester their parents in order to get the newest thing/ what they want

Question 6

what is keeping up with the jones’s

Answer 6

when you see what people around you have and therefore want it too

Question 7

what is the family according to marxists
the family is a…

Answer 7

unit of consumption

Question 8

who are the three key Marxist speakers

Answer 8

Engels, Althusser and Zaretsky

Question 9

what is Engels argument

Answer 9

the family is like a business arrangement
men provide money etc while women act like a prostitute and provide an heir.
this keeps the wealth within the hands of the bourgeoisie.

Question 10

what is an evaluation of Engels

Answer 10

it is not very romantic as it sees women as prostitutes
not all families want children
only talks about the nuclear family and ignores family diversity

Question 11

what is Althusser’s argument

Answer 11

Althusser believes the family have the function of the ISA (ideological state apparatus) this is where the proletariat are taught that capitalism is right and prevents them from rebelling

Question 12

what is an evaluation of Althusser

Answer 12

ignores social mobility in which families are given the ability to move social class if they work for it
as well as this feminists argue Marxists place too much emphasis on capitalism while ignoring other inequalities

Question 13

what is Zaretsky’s argument

Answer 13

the family acts as a cushioning effect and the woman comforts the man when he comes home from the stress of the workplace
the family is also a place in which men get to be in charge, ‘the king of the castle’

Question 14

what is an evaluation of Zaretsky

Answer 14

outdated as women now also work (duel earner families)
ignores the positives of the family

Question 15

what is patriarchy

Answer 15

a society dominated by men

Question 16

what do feminists believe are the roles of the family are

Answer 16

socialising girls to accept subservient roles and socialising women to accept the housewife role

Question 17

what are the three types of feminism

Answer 17

liberal, radical and Marxist

Question 18

how many women a week are killed by (ex) partners

Answer 18

3 a week

Question 19

what do liberal feminists argue

Answer 19

things aren’t completely equal at the moment however they are improving through laws and policies e.g. Equal Pay Act 1970
Somerville argues that things are improving however recognises further changes need to be made

Question 20

what is an evaluation of liberal feminists

Answer 20

radical feminists argue they are too happy with the changes already made and don’t recognise how wide gender inequality is

Question 21

what do Marxist feminists argue

Answer 21

that women are exploited by both patriarchy and capitalism

Question 22

what does Marxist feminist Ansley argue

Answer 22

women are the ‘takers of shit’

Question 23

what does Marxist feminist Beechy argue

Answer 23

1. women reproduce the labor force
   2.women are a ‘reserve army of cheap labour’

Question 24

what do radical feminists argue

Answer 24

that women should live in matrifocal households (only women)

Question 25

what is an evaluation of radical feminists

Answer 25

they make all men look bad not all women want to live without men/ be a lesbian what happens to sons of mothers?

Question 26

what is the triple shift

Answer 26

emotional work, career and domestic work

Question 27

who argued the triple shift

Answer 27

Duncombe and Marsden

Question 28

what is the new right preferred family

Answer 28

nuclear

Question 29

what do the new right blame the decline of the nuclear family on (4)

Answer 29

teenage pregnancies, young offenders, emotional trauma and educational failure

Question 30

what do the new right believe about single parent families

Answer 30

they are 'feckless' and rely on benefits (only have children for benefits)

Question 31

what does Charles Murray argue

Answer 31

the welfare state has created a dependency culture he is scathing of lone parent families there is an 'underclass' in society that rely on benefits

Question 32

what is an evaluation of the new right

Answer 32

they exaggerate the decline of the nuclear family they are extremely prejudice they only place blame upon women

Question 33

what do postmodernists believe

Answer 33

there is no longer a dominant family type, serial monogamy is more popular

Question 34

what is the supermarket of life

Answer 34

picking and changing your partner

Question 35

what does beck-Gernsheim and Stacy argue

Answer 35

people are no longer bound by tradition

Question 36

what does Stacy argue

Answer 36

'diverse, fluid and unresolved' diversity is here to stay and there is no normal/ best family

Question 37

what is an evaluation of postmodernism

Answer 37

functionalists argue the family is unstable there isn't as much diversity as they claim they don't use any evidence e.g. statistics

Question 38

who came up with the 'labelling theory'

Answer 38

Becker

Question 39

what is labelling theory

Answer 39

when you give someone a label e.g. criminal. they are told they are criminal for so long that it becomes their master status, its all they are. they then self fulfill their prophecy and become a criminal

Question 40

what experiment do we link with Jane Elliot

Answer 40

blue eyes brown eyes. told blue eyes they were great, they did great in school told brown eyes they were bad and they did bad swapped it around

Question 41

what do functionalists Young and Willmott argue

Answer 41

that the family is symmetrical and jobs are shared equally

Question 42

why does feminist Oakley criticise the symmetrical family?

Answer 42

she found that men only had to do one job a week to be involved in THE statistic as well as this women still found domestic labour to be their priority and responsibility

Question 43

what does feminist Oakley argue

Answer 43

that domestic labour is hard, unrewarding and routine

Question 44

what is the general marriage trend

Answer 44

decreasing

Question 45

marriage statistic

Answer 45

213,122 heterosexual marriages in 2019, lowest since 1888

Question 46

why has marriage declined

Answer 46

secularisation, cost, changing role of women, fear of divorce, cohabitation, serial monogamy

Question 47

what's the difference between an arranged marriage and a forced marriage

Answer 47

arranged marriages are consensual and do not break the law

Question 48

what is a strength and weakness of an arranged marriage

Answer 48

s- no stress of finding a partner, parents would pick someone suitable w- maintains men's power over women, limits personal choice

Question 49

what does Mead argue about cohabitation

Answer 49

that it is a trial for marriage 'probationary mariage'

Question 50

what does Mcrae argue about cohabitation

Answer 50

is cohabitation that different to marriage?

Question 51

what do Allan and Crow argue about cohabitation

Answer 51

contraception made it possible

Question 52

why has cohabitation risen

Answer 52

change in social attitude, see your partners true colours, fear of divorce, secularisation

Question 53

what are some limitations of cohabitation

Answer 53

Murphy- children of cohabitating parents are disadvantaged Wilson and Stutchbury- cohabitating is less stable

Question 54

what are LAT's

Answer 54

living apart, together a couple which live separately

Question 55

what is a reason for LAT's

Answer 55

habits that annoy each other etc.

Question 56

is divorce increasing or decreasing

Answer 56

increasing

Question 57

divorce statistic (2)

Answer 57

in 202 there were 11,505 divorces a 9.6% increase from 2020 half of all marriages end in divorce

Question 58

who are more at risk of divorces?

Answer 58

rushed marriage children of divorce financial problems

Question 59

why has divorce increased

Answer 59

changing role of women, easier, less stigma etc.

Question 60

1949 legal aid and advice act

Answer 60

those filing for divorce had to prove guilt

Question 61

1969 divorce reform act

Answer 61

women could file for divorce without proof

Question 62

why are birth and fertility rates dropping

Answer 62

contraception, changing role of women, decline in infant mortality rate

Question 63

child mortality statistic

Answer 63

1990 22.5% would die before their 5th birthday, 2015 0.5%

Question 64

why is here a decline in infant mortality

Answer 64

free healthcare, medical advancements, increased guidance e.g. midwifes

Question 65

sue sharpe study

Answer 65

1976- girls priority love marriage children 1994- job, career, independancy

Question 66

what is the life course

Answer 66

the sequence of events and actions in an individuals life history

Question 67

what do Allan and Crow argue about the life course

Answer 67

it was a standard process and cycle which reset with your children however now multiple choices and paths are available

Question 68

what is the personal life perspective

Answer 68

interactions between people in relationships and the networks that connects individuals

Question 69

the work of May 2011

Answer 69

greater family diversity and people construct their own networks to develop their own needs

Question 70

what is the benefit of a support network

Answer 70

have your best interest, fit your needs