Falls

Question 1

Define Syncope

Answer 1

transient loss of consciousness characterised by fast onset and spontaneous recovery, caused by reduced perfusion pressure in the brain

Question 2

Name 3 pre-syncope symptoms

Answer 2

Light-headedness, sweating, pallor, blurred vision

Question 3

What is reflex syncope?

Answer 3

activation of medulla causes a decrease in sympathetic output and increase in parasympathetic. Drop in CO and BP causes reduced cerebral perfusion

Question 4

What is orthostatic syncope?

Answer 4

Symptoms after standing from sitting or lying, 20 mmHg drop in BP or more

Question 5

How much blood pools in the legs when standing?

Answer 5

500-800mls

Question 6

Why does the baroreceptor reflex fail?

Answer 6

Baroreceptors become less sensitive with age and hypertension

Question 7

What is cardiac syncope?

Answer 7

Caused by cardiac disease or abnormality ( electrical, structural/ coronary)

Question 8

What percentage of falls result in a fracture?

Answer 8

1%

Question 9

What can rhabdomyolysis cause?

Answer 9

electrolyte disturbance, DIC, renal failure and multi-organ failure