Fallacies

Question 1

what are fallacies

Answer 1

arguments that involve some kind of rational mistake

Question 2

what are the three types of fallacies?

Answer 2

Formal Fallacies
Substantive Fallacies
Unnamed Fallacies

Question 3

substantive fallacies are always ________

Answer 3

unsound

Question 4

unnamed fallacies are ____________

Answer 4

poor attempts at argumentation

Question 5

most fallacies are…

Answer 5

substantive

Question 6

what are substantive fallacies?

Answer 6

one of premises is a very general false assumption (usually left implicit; but once made explicit clear it is false)

Question 7

ad hominem

Answer 7

rejecting a claim because of a disapproval/dislike for arguer

Question 8

ad hominem circumstantial

Answer 8

rejecting a claim because arguer would benefit from it

Question 9

tu quoque

Answer 9

rejecting argument on basis of hypocrisy (do as I say, not as I do)

Question 10

popular belief

Answer 10

concluding that because something is popular, it is true

Question 11

conflating morality and legality

Answer 11

assuming anything legal must be moral; anything illegal must be immoral

Question 12

perfectionist

Answer 12

rejecting argument that proposes solution to a problem, on basis it won’t completely solve it

Question 13

post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer 13

mistake of inferring that event X caused event Y because X occurred before Y

Question 14

correlation for cause

Answer 14

mistaking that two events in conjunction means one causes the other

Question 15

weak analogy

Answer 15

assuming that because something is related to something else in one respect, they are related in all relevant respects

Question 16

false dilemma

Answer 16

limiting options on an issue to two, when there are more

arguer creates dilemma when there is none

Question 17

straw target

Answer 17

misrepresent, distort, simplify or exaggerate an opponent’s stance to make it easier to refute

Question 18

slippery slope

Answer 18

arguer assumes that to permit/forbid a certain action will lead to further undesirable events, without providing good reason (cannabis)

Question 19

begging the question

Answer 19

the truth of an argument’s conclusion is assumed in the premises, and the truth of one of the premises depends on its justification on the truth of the conclusion

Question 20

what fallacies are in the unnamed category?

Answer 20

straw target
slippery slope
begging the question