Critical Thinking

Question 1

Belief

Answer 1

something about the world we believe to be true

Question 2

Desire

Answer 2

something we are inclined/motivated to do

Question 3

Thinking

Answer 3

process of piecing together thoughts, perhaps forming new ones

Question 4

Cognitive bias

Answer 4

habit of thinking that tends to lend to the formation of mistaken thoughts about the world

Question 5

Framing Effect Bias

Answer 5

tendency to be unduly influenced by way in which a problem or statement has been formulated or “framed”

Question 6

Framing Effect Study Name

Answer 6

1981, Kahneman and Tversky

Question 7

Framing Effect Study Scenario

Answer 7

The U.S. is preparing for an outbreak of an unusual disease which is expected to kill 600 people. Participants were presented with 2 policies to combat virus, then presented with same two policies reworded some time after.

Question 8

Framing Effect Study Policies

Answer 8

Policy A: 200 ppl saved
Policy B: 1/3 chance 600 saved, 2/3 no one saved
Policy C: 400 die
Policy D: 1/3 chance, no one dies, 2/3 chance 600 die

Question 9

Framing Effect Study Results

Answer 9

72% chose Policy A

78% chose Policy D

Question 10

Availability Bias

Answer 10

a mental shortcut that involves giving inappropriate weight to examples examples that come immediately to mind when evaluating a topic or choice

Question 11

Confirmation Bias

Answer 11

the tendency to seek out only information that confirms our preconceptions and existing world views

e.g. social media

Question 12

Define Argument

Answer 12

attempt to establish truth of a statement by providing reasons

Question 13

Rhetoric

Answer 13

non-argumentative statements which give conclusions without reasons in an attempt to persuade us emotively