Fall Interventions Flashcards
What is the ultimate goal of fall interventions?
To maximize independence in mobility and function.
What should interventions be based on?
Assessment results.
What are some examples of balance exercises?
- ankle strategy
- hip strategy
- weight shifts
- perturbations
- Tai Chi
- Yoga
- vestibular exercises
Describe ankle strategy exercises.
Weight shifts or perturbations at the ankles.
Describe hip strategy exercises.
Lean over at hips to pick up items, feet flat on the floor, pull from hips to practice strategy, progress standing balance.
How should weight shifts and perturbations be incorporated?
Incorporate in both static and dynamic balance exercises.
What are the benefits of Tai Chi or Yoga for balance?
Improves stability, flexibility, and can be incorporated into balance training.
Describe the role of vestibular training in balance.
Treats vertigo, improves balance through alternating eye and head movements, and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) training.
How can gait training improve balance?
Improves movement strategies, weight shifts, and standing balance through varied interventions and surfaces.
Describe the transition from static to dynamic balance exercises.
Start with static exercises, progress to dynamic exercises, change surfaces and time to improve balance.
What sensory components are involved in balance training?
- somatosensory
- visual
- vestibular components
How can assistive devices be incorporated into gait training?
Modify gait with assistive devices, proper training, and ensure safe usage.
What is the FITT principle for balance exercise prescription?
- Frequency
- Intensity
- Time
- Type
Describe the recommended frequency for balance exercises.
- 3 days/week
- 11-12 weeks OR 36-40 sessions.
Describe the recommended time for balance exercises.
- 30-45 minutes/session
- 90-120 minutes/week
What are the intensity options used in practice?
- self-reported RPE
- supervision/assistance required
- using time/duration
- accuracy
- reported steadiness
- mild-mod-max sway
- other reactions
What is the Rate of Perceived Stability (RPS)?
A measure of balance exercise intensity based on user’s perception of stability.
How is the Balance Intensity Scale (BIS) used?
Used to assess the difficulty of balance exercises and ensure they are appropriately challenging.
What is the difference between static and dynamic balance exercises?
- Static balance exercises involve maintaining a stationary position.
- Dynamic balance exercises involve movement and reacting to changes.
How can support be varied in balance training?
Start with maximum support and gradually reduce to minimal or no support as balance improves.
Describe the role of surface challenges in balance training.
Progress from firm to foam to moveable surfaces to increase difficulty and improve balance.
How can the sensory component be varied in balance training?
Change surfaces, use visual challenges (eyes open/closed), and vestibular challenges (head turns).
How should time be integrated into balance exercises?
Assess at initial visit, use results to set duration for each exercise, and adjust as needed based on progress.
How can video games and exergaming be used for balance training?
They can improve postural control and dynamic balance by combining physical therapy with interactive gaming.
Describe the process of modulation in balance training.
Measure intensity each session, adjust exercises based on findings, and consider new types of exercises.
What are other interventions like floor transfers and movement strategies?
Includes supine to standing transitions, weight shifts, and using close walls for hip strategy improvement.
How can balance interventions be progressed?
From…
- static to dynamic
- seated to standing
- increase time in position
- reduce sway
- increase difficulty using BIS
