Fall Final Exam - Grammer Flashcards
Subject
All sentences (independent clauses) have a subject and a verb.
Find the subject and the verb.
After lunch I sat at the computer with my brother.
see pic
Transitive Verb
A transitive verb has two characteristics.
1.) it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like kick, want, paint, write, eat, clean, etc.
2.)it must have a direct object, something or someone who receives the action of the verb.
The pattern is:
SUBJECT + ACTION VERB + DIRECT OBJECT
Ex/ Sylvia kicked Juan under the table.
Sylvia = subject
Kicked = transitive verb
Juan = direct object (the person that Sylvia (the subject) kicked).
Joshua wants a smile from Leodine, his beautiful but serious lab partner.
Subject = Joshua
Wants = transitive verb
Smile = direct object (the thing that Joshua, the subject, wants).
Important note: An action verb is intransitive when no direct object follows it.
Transient Verb Practice
Find the subject, transient verb, and object
- Alicia wrote a love poem on a restaurant napkin
- Antonio will eat lima beans drenched in brown gravy.
- Alicia wrote a love poem on a restaurant napkin
Subject = Alicia
Wrote = transitive verb
Poem = direct object (the thing that Alicia, the subject, wrote). - Antonio will eat lima beans drenched in brown gravy.
Subject=Antonio
Will eat = transitive verb
lima beans = direct object (the things that Antonio, the subject, will eat).
Intransitive Verb
An intransitive verb has two characteristics:
1.) it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, die, etc.
2.) Unlike a transitive verb, it will not have a direct object receiving the action.
Ex/ Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare.
Arrived = intransitive verb.
Ex/ James went to the campus cafe for a steaming bowl of squid eyeball stew.
Went = intransitive verb.
**Intransitive Verb Practice **
Find the Intransitive Verb
1.) To escape the midday sun, the cats lie in the shade under our cars.
2.) Around fresh ground pepper, Sheryl sneezes with violence.
To escape the midday sun, the cats lie in the shade under our cars.
Lie = intransitive verb.
Around fresh ground pepper, Sheryl sneezes with violence.
Sneezes = intransitive verb.
Linking Verb
(and action verbs)
2 types of main verbs: 1. Action verbs, 2. Linking verbs
1.) Action verbs are someting you do (seen or unseen).
Ex/The magician apeared from behind the curtain. In this sentence “Appeared” is the action
2.) Linking verbs (also called state of being verbs) link the subject and predicate of a sentence they express existance.
ex/ **She appears mad. “appears” is the linking verb. **This sentence says “she IS mad.”
So if you can replace the linking verb with
“is, am, are ,was, were, be, being, been, etc.” it is likely a linking verb.
Action Verb and Linking Verb Practice
- I tasted the muffen.
- The muffin tasted stale.
- I **love **grammer.
- I** think** it is soooooo fun.
- It seems easier than I remembered.
- tasted = action verb
- tasted = linking (could replace with “is”)
- love = action verb (just bc you dont see it doesnt mean it isn’t being done)
- think = action verb
- seems = linking verb
Helping Verb
Every sentence has at least a main verb.
But some sentences have a verb phrase that has a helping verb and a main verb.
(Remember, a phrase is a group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb.)
Helping verbs help with:
**1. Tenses (when) **
They are often forms of “to be” (is, am, are, was were, etc.)
TIP: ALWAYS LOOK FOR MAIN VERB FIRST.
Ex/ I am running. (“am” is helping verb, present - tense) (MAIN VERB IS RUNNING)
Ex He was running. (“Was” is helping verb - past tense) (MAIN VERB IS RUNNING)
Do not confuse these with linking verbs. Linking verbs are the MAIN VERB of a sentence.
Ex/ He is running. (“Is” = helping verb, running = main verb).
Ex/ He is fast. (“Is”=main verb and linking verb.)
ALL sentences must have a MAIN VERB. NOT ALL sentences have HELPING VERBS.
2. EMPHASIS
Words like “do” and “did”
Ex/ I did run (“did” = helping verb, “run” = main verb (which is an action verb))
Ex/ I do like green eggs and ham. (“do” is helping verb, “like” is main verb (which is a linking verb))
3. Condition
They tell whether or not something will happen.
Words like “can, could, may, might, will would, should, must.
EX/ I can go to the mall (“can” = helping verb, “go” = main verb, which is an action verb.)
Commen Challenges with Helping Verbs
Challenge #1: Questions
Watch out for questions. Often, the subject of the question is located between the helping verb and the main verb.
**Challenge #2: Adverbs Coming in Between **
Sometimes the verb phrase can be interrupted by an adverb. Be careful not to include the adverb in the verb phras.
Diagram the following sentences. Remember to cross out Prepositional phrases (mentally) before finding the subject and verb. Label each subject (S) and verbs either (LV) for linking verb or (AV) for action verb.
- The girl with the brown hair is in my Algebra class.
- My teacher likes her becasue she is helpful.
- Sometimes she laughs at my jokes and talks very loud to her friends.
- Janet and Joe don’t like the class
- They look very unhappy most of the time.
- The teacher helps them with their work after school.
Direct Object
A direct object will follow a transitive verb (a type of action verb).
Direct objects can be nouns, pronouns, phrases, or clauses.
If you can identify the subject and the verb in a sentence, then finding the direct object—if one exists—is easy.
Subject + Verb + what? or who? = Direct Object
Ex/Zippy and Maurice played soccer with a grapefruit pulled from a backyard tree.
Zippy, Maurice = subjects
played = verb
Zippy and Maurice played what? Soccer = direct object.
Ex/Zippy accidentally kicked Maurice in the shin.
Zippy = subject
kicked = verb
Zippy kicked who? Maurice = direct object.
Sometimes direct objects are single words like soccer and Maurice; other times they are phrases or clauses. The formula nevertheless works the same:
Ex/ Selena hates biting her fingernails.
Selena = subject
hates = verb
Selena hates what? Biting her fingernails (a gerund phrase) = direct object.
Indirect Object
Indirect objects are rare. You can read for paragraphs before you encounter one. For an indirect object to appear, a sentence must first have a direct object.
Direct objects follow transitive verbs (a type of action verb). If you can identify the subject and verb in a sentence, then finding the direct object—if one exists—is easy.
Subject + Verb + what? or who? = Direct Object
*Ex 1/ (does not have Indirect Object yet): *
Jim built a sandcastle on the beach.
Jim = subject
built = verb
Jim built what? Sandcastle = direct object.
Consider these new versions of the sentences above:
Jim built his granddaughter a sandcastle on the beach.
Jim = subject
built = verb
Jim built what? Sandcastle = direct object.
Who got that sandcastle? Granddaughter = indirect object.
Ex 2/ (does not have an indirect object yet)
Sammy and Maria brought Billie Lou to the party.
Sammy, Maria = subjects; brought = verb. Sammy and Maria brought who? Billie Lou = direct object.
Consider these new versions of the sentences above:
So that Darren would have company at the party, Sammy and Maria brought him a blind date.
Sammy, Maria = subjects
brought = verb
Sammy and Maria brought who? Blind date = direct object.
Who got that blind date? Him = indirect object.
Prepositional phrases
Do not have a subject and a verb (like a sentence does), but is a group of words.
Preposition
-Preposition is word that establishes relation between the subject and the object in the sentence.
-A preposition usually precedes a noun or a pronoun.
-Part of a phrase (group of words that doesn’t have a subject or a verb).
-Commonly used prepositions: above, across, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, down, from, in, into, near, of, off, on, to, toward, under, upon, with and within.
Examples:
1.) To the store
“to” = preposition
“store” = object of preposition
2.) with him
“with” = preposition
“him” = object of preposition
3.) over the moon
“over” = preposition
“moon” = object of preposition
4.) through the window
“through” = preposition
“window” = object of preposition
Identify the preposition, object and prepositional phrase
I come from Alabama with a banjo on my knee.
I come from Alabama with a banjo on my knee.
Preposition #1 = “from”
Object # 1 = “Alabama”
Prepositional phrase #1 = “from Alabama”
Preposition #2 = “with”
Object #2 = “banjo”
Preposition # 2= “with a banjo”
Preposition #3 = “on”
Object # 3 = “knee”
Prepositional phrase #3 = “on my knee”
