Fall Final Flashcards
The study of large body structure, siviable to the naked eye, such as the heart, is called _____ anatomy.
Gross
Place the following in corect sequence from simplests to most complex:
- molecules
- atoms
- tissues
- cells
- organs
2-1-4-3-5
Groups of cellls that are similar in structure and function are called:
tissues
The primary lipids found in the cell membrane are:
phospholipids
All are found in the nucleus except:
- DNA
- chromatin
- centrioles
- nucleolus
centrioles
Which of the following organelles have double membranes and supply most ATP used by the cell?
- lysosomes
- centrioles
- peroxisomes
- mitochondria
Mitochondria
Exocytosis is a process by which
ATP is used to secrete cell products
Which is the pairing of the orangelle and its function?
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum-digestion of old cell parts
- ribosome-DNA and RNA production
- mitochondria-ATP production
- Peroxisome-storage of export proteins
mitochondria-ATP production
Chromosomes align themselves in themiddle of the spindle during
metaphase
The site where ribosome asseble prior to their migration into the cytoplasm is the_____.
nucleolus
What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?
To maintain homeostasis
_____ cavities are spaces within joints.
Synovial
The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is _______.
Water
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ______.
enhancement of labor contractions
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of _______.
glycogen
The single most abundant protein in the body is _____.
collagen
A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with ________.
the release of enegry.
The numbers listed represent teh number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?
- 2,8,8
- 2,8
- 2
- 2,8,1
2,8,1
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?
7
The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are _____.
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is ________.
tRNA
Which structures are fingerlike projextions that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?
microvilli
Which type of cell junction acts as anchors and distributes tension through a cellular sheet and reducesthe chance of tearing when it is subjected to great mechnaical stress?
desmosomes
What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels?
Osseous tissue
Connective tissue matrix is composed of ______.
fiber and ground substance
Which tissuetype arises from all three embryonic germ layers?
Epithelial tissue
The shape of the external ear is maintained by _______.
elastic cartilage
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secreete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ______.
endocrine
A many-layered epithelium with cubiodal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________.
stratified squamous
A needle would pierce the epidermal layer of the forearm in which order?
corneum,granulosum, spinosum, basale
Acne is a disorder accociated with _______.
sebaceous glands
Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure?
Meissner’s corpuscles
Which glands produce ear wax
Ceruminous galnds
The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is respoinsible for cell division and replacement?
Stratum basale
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are catergorized as two distinct types. Which of the follwing are the two types of sweat glands?
eccrine and apocrine
Eyebrow hairs are always shorter that hairs on your head because _______.
eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months
A type of bone fracture taht is incomplete, without separation of bone parts, commonin children______.
Greenstick
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of _______.
fat
Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates an armlike bar of bone?
Ramus
Teh periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ________.
perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers
The process of bone increasing in width is known as _______.
appositional growth
What is a disease of the bone in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones?
Osteoporosis
The hyoid bone is unique because it _______.
is the only bone of the bodythat does not articulate with any other bone
The pelvic girdle does not include the ______.
- femur
- illium
- ischium
- pubis
Femur
Aticular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ______.
provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.
Hyperextension
Which ligament of the knee initates the knee-jerk relex when tapped?
the patellar ligament
The antebrachium is composed of which of the following two tones?
- the radius and the ulna
- the humerus and the clavicle
- the scapula and the clavicle
- the humerus and the radius
The radius and the ulna
Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnacy?
- kyphosis
- hunchback
- scoliosis
- lordosis
lordosis
The cruciate ligaments of the knee ______.
Prevent hyperextension of the knee
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as custions in places where friction develops are called _______.
bursae
What are menisci?
semilunar cartilage pads
What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called?
abduction
The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ____.
feet
An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is _____.
the radius and the ulna alond its length
What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?
tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.
Myoglobin _______.
stores oxygen in muscle cells
What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by _____.
storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP
During muscle contraction,myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?
actin filamentss
Rigor mortis occurs because ______.
no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules
During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result, the pyruvicis converted to _______.
latic acid
The muscle cell membrane is called the _______.
Sarcolemma
The two types of isotonic contractions are:
eccentric and concentric
Which muscle type has the most rengenerative capacity?
Smooth muscle
