Chapter 1-3 Flashcards
Define gross anatomy
the branch of anatomy that deals with the structure of organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye
Levels of organization from atoms to organs
atoms molecules organelle cell tissue Organ organ system organism
Define organ
contains two or more types of tissues
Define tissue
groups of similar cells
What lipids found in the plasma membrane
Phospholipid
glycolipids
What structures are found in the nucleus
nuclear envelope
chromatin
nucleous
What are the major organelles
Mitochondria Ribosomes Smooth ER Rough ER Golgi complex Lysosome
Process of exocytosis
The membrane-bound vesicle migrates to the plasma membrane.
There, proteins at the vesicle surface (v-SNAREs) bind with t-SNAREs (plasma membrane proteins).
The vesicle and plasma membrane fuse and a pore opens up
Vesicle contents are released to the cell exterior.
Prophase
Nuclear envelope fragments
Kinetochore microtubules attach to kinetochore of centromeres and draw them toward equator of cell
Polar microtubules assist in forcing poles apart
metaphase
Centromeres of chromosomes aligned at equator
Plane midway between poles called metaphase plate
Anaphase
Shortest phase
Centromeres of chromosomes split simultaneously—each chromatid becomes a chromosome
Chromosomes (V shaped) pulled toward poles by motor proteins of kinetochores
Polar microtubules continue forcing poles apart
Telophase
Begins when chromosome movement stops
Two sets of chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin
New nuclear membrane forms around each chromatin mass
Nucleoli reappear
Spindle disappears
Cytokinesis
division of cytoplasm by cleavage furrow
Where are ribosomes assembled
nucleolus
What is the purpose of negative feedback
takes levels back to normal
