Chapter 7-9 Flashcards
What is unique about the Hyoid bone?
Does not articulate directly with another bone
What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
- Pubis
- Ischium
- Ilium
What is the purpose of articular cartilage?
- to provide a smooth surface for bones to articulate on
Define flexion
the action of bending
Define extension
escribing a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts
Define hyperextension
an excessive joint movement in which the angle formed
Define circumduction
movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed.
Define abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
Define adduction
a motion that pulls a structure or part toward the midline of the body
Define menisci and their function
To transfer force from the upper leg to the lower leg.Also stabilize the knee during flexion and extension.
What ligament initiates knee-jerk reflex?
The patellar ligament
What composes the antibrachium?
The radius and ulna
Define Scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve
Define Kyphosis
exaggerated thoracic curvature
Define Lordosis
accentuated lumbar curvature
What do the cruciate ligament of the knee do?
Prevents hyperextension of the knee
Define Bursae
Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes
What is an example of interosseous fibrous joints?
Between the radius and the ulna lengthwise
What is Tropomyosin and what does it do?
Tropomyosin is a regulatory protein bound to actin and it blocks active sites on actin
What stores calcium in skeletal muscles?
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
What creatine phosphate does?
interaction of an organic phosphate and creatine, the breakdown of which provides energy for muscle contraction directly phosphorylates ADP to provide energy
Where myosin filaments attach during contaction?
myosin heads form cross bridges by binding thick filaments to actin in the thin filaments.
Why does rigir mortis occur?
In the absence of ATP, myosin heads will not detach, causing rigor mortis
What pyruvic acid is converted into during vigorous muscles activity
Lactic acid
What is muscle cell membranes called?
Sarcolemma
What are the two types of isotonic contractions?
- Concentric contractions
- Eccentric contractions
Define concentric contractions
muscle shortens and does work
Define Eccentric contactions
Muscles generates forces as it lengthens
Which muscle type has the most regenerative capacity?
Smooth muscle
