Fall Break Test Chapter 9 Flashcards
What did Sasanid farmers pioneer?
Cultivation of Silk Road crops
What was Sasanid’s main state religion?
Zoroastrianism
What did the Silk Road encourage?
Movement of people in Iran and Central Asia
exchange of religious ideas/military technology
What religion emerged from nomadic pastoralists and caravan traders?
Islam
What city grew as a caravan city and pilgrimage site?
Mecca
What kind of stories did Mecca identify with?
Christian and Jewish
What did Muhammad experience and do?
Revelations
Called people to submit to God’s will
What happened to Muhammad after he faced hostility?
Fled to Mecca with followers to medina
What did Muhammad and his followers form?
Group called umma
What did Abu Bakr confirm?
5 pillars of Islam
Ordered composition of the Quran
What resulted from civil war within umma?
Sunni and Shi’ite groups
Foundation of Ummayad Caliphate
What did Umayyad caliphate rule over?
Ethnic empire
Where did Umayyad govern from?
Damascus
What kind of administrative methods did the Umayyad use?
Sasanid and Byzantine
Who did Umayyad fall too and what happened after?
Rebels
The rebels established Abbasid caliph at Baghdad
What culture influence the Abassid caliphate?
Persian
Why did the Abassid decline?
Fragmentation of the caliphate into independent states
Umma remained
What was the foundation Islamic civilization?
Sharia
Derived from Quran and Hadith
What was the social status women had under Islamic law?
High status
Who lived in seclusion under Islamic law?
Urban women
What happened to southern Arabia by the 600s?
Most people in the region had some familiarity with Africa, India, and the Persian gulf region
What happened to Arab pastoralists as the caravan trade across Arabia developed?
It became the primary providers of animal power throughout the region
Why did Muhammad become a caravan trader?
Through his marriage to Khadija
What Islam mean in Arabic?
One who makes submission to the will of God
What community did Muhammad and his followers make?
Umma
What was the schism in Islam caused by?
Muhammad didn’t clarify a successor
Who were the Muslims that were called the people of tradition and community?
Sunnis
Who did the Muslim take Syria and Egypt between 636 and 639?
The Byzantine empire
By the early 700s where did the Islamic empire stretch from?
Spain to India
What happened to the region conquered by the Muslims between 636 and early 700s?
Majority if people’s lives remained unchanged
What did the Umayyad caliphs rule over?
Ethnically defined Arab realm rather than an Islamic empire
What did the Abassid caliphs rule over?
An increasingly Muslim empire
What was a major problem the Abbasid caliph faced?
They had frontier revolts that were too slow to reach
By the late 8th century how far did Muslims expand their trade empire?
Ghana
What happened in the early rule of the Turks?
Their rule was accompanied by an economic decline in Iran and Iraq
Where did the Sasanids originate from and what did they do?
Southern Italy
Overthrew Parthians
Continued their predecessors rivalry with Rome
