Fall Break test Chapter 13 Flashcards
What was a new technology? What did it do?
Improved mill designs
Changed landscape
What did population growth do?
Improved farming methods and agriculture expanded
After 1200 how did cities grow?
Manufacture
Why didn’t Europe’s depend on eastern good anymore?
Expanding trade and new technology
What was civic life dominated by?
Guilds
Wealthy merchants
Bankers
How did most urban residents live?
In Squalor
What started to show signs of special civic pride and prestige in European cities?
Gothic cathedrals
What grew during the Renaissance?
Colleges and universities
What was a new technology and what did it influence?
Printing press
Humanists
How did Greco-Roman learning return to Latin Europe?
Renaissance
What helped to prompt the revival of the 12th and 13th century?
An infusion of of Greek and Islamic scholarship
Where did humanism emerge in?
Italy
Between 1200 and 1500 what did monarchs, nobles, and the church struggle with?
Political power
What did the great western schism result from?
Tension between the French monarchy and the papacy
As Muslim territory in Iberia shrank what happened to the Ottoman Empire?
Took over much of southeastern Europe
Who fought in the Hundred Years’ War?
French monarch and its vassals
What did the Hundred Years’ War introduce?
New military technologies
What did the war stimulate the rise of?
New centralized monarchies if England and France
What process did Ferdinand and Isabella complete?
The reconquest of Muslim Iberia
Who was the Magna Carta imposed on?
King John
What reversed the population growth and resulted in social change throughout Europe?
Famine and the Black Death
What did Western Europeans of the 11th through 14th century refer to themselves as?
Latins
Between 1100 and 1350 Europes population doubled. Why is this?
A revival in economy
What did some farmers do in response to the population growth?
Tried new methods of farming
3 field system
What was the majority of urban growth in Europe between 1200 and 1500 due too?
The growth in trade and manufacturing
The decline of the Mongol empire disrupted the caravan trade in Europe? What did the European merchants do in response?
began to explore new overland trade routes and new sea routes
In most towns and cities how did merchants and skilled craftsmen regulated business practices, memberships, and training and promoted the interests of their members through city governments?
Through guilds
What did the spread of the humanist movement benefit from?
Development of printing press
What was happening by the 13th century?
Oversea trade was becoming more common than overland trade
What was happening with Portugal by the mid 13th century?
It had merged with Spain to become a joint kingdom
Why did Spain and Portugal experience a religious transformation during the late 1400s?
The expulsion of Jews and Muslims
Describe the military organization of the Ottoman Empire
Christian boys were enslaved to serve as elite soldiers
