Failure Of The LoN 1930s Flashcards
Manchurian crisis date
1931
What did Japan do and what were the reasons that they gave?
1931(sept): accused Chinese for blowing up a section in the southern railway which they controlled—was the Japanese — invaded china
March 1932: Chinese appealed to league for help
September 1932: Lord Lytton arrived to assess the scene, presented his report that Japanese were to blame
-After a year of Japanese control, they said that japan must retreat, they didnt
Feb 1933: invaded more of Manchuria in “self defense”
What date did Japan leave the LoN?
1933
What did the league do about the Manchurian crisis? And why?
- Nothing— Britain wanted to maintain friendship with japan, a strong nation
- discussed limiting army sales but didnt
- no one wanted to risk their armies against japan
- only countries large enough to defeat japan (USSR + USA) weren’t in the league
What effect did the league’s response to Manchuria have on the league’s overall respect?
Respect for the league decreased
Set a president that you could ignore the league with no retributions
First major failure
Example to other dictators worldwide
Why Manchuria?
Allready had a foothold
Close to japan
Hit badly in the depression needed land and living space -rich in materials and farm land
Did the disarmament conference work?
No
no agreement was reached and led to H leaving conference and soon after, league
Why did disarmament fail?
- All or nothing
- Not everyone would disarm as USA + USSR not part of the league
- B+F had empires to protect
When was the Abyssinian crisis?
1935
What was Mussolini’s reason for invading Abyssinia
- dispute over wal wal oasis
- secretly revenge for Adowa battle 1896
What happened with the Abyssinian crisis?
Dec 1934: troops into Abyssinia after dispute over wal wal oasis
1935: Mussolini went to league to settle the dispute- B+F didn’t even mention it, M took this as a sign that they didnt care
Sept 1935: league reached conclusion that no one should be held responsible
Oct 1935: M launched a full scale invasion
What and when was the British opinion on Abyssinia
1934-35
Ballot from B to league arguing that they should be defending Abyssinia
What did league do about Abyssinia? Why didnt it work
- banned arms sales. I
- banned loans to Italy. I Only within league countries
- Banned imports from Italy I
- hoare laval pact
- B+F refused to close Suez Canal- meant that oil could still get to Italy
- USA not part of league so shipped oil to them
What was the Hoare-Laval pact and what effect did it have on the league?
-secret agreement between F,B+I
- Agreed that Italy would receive 2/3 of Abyssinia if he agreed not to invade
—Laval(British) said they should go behind leagues back and straight to Mussolini
-details leaked to the french press- dropped
- direct undermining of the league
- no respect for league
- most powerful countries in the league didnt respect it
- secret treaty
Why Abyssinia?
- Jealous of B+F empire
- Inspired by japan
- revenge for Adowa battle 1896
- Fertile and mineral wealth
- Wanted a triumph for his people after depression
- Felt B+F gave him permission
- Close to Italian territory
- easy target
