Failure of the Early Republic Flashcards
1912 - 1917
When was the Tongmenhui created?
1905
What were the Three Principles?
> Nationalism
Democracy
People’s Livelihood
What was the Tongmenghui?
> The champions of an alternative vision for China’s future, but not the group which overthrew the Qing.
How many uprisings did the Tongmenghui launch between 1905-11?
10
When was the Wuhan Uprising?
10th October 1911
What was the effect of the Wuhan Uprising?
> Provincial assemblies declare independence
Within six weeks, 12 of China’s 18 provinces have rebelled
They unite under Sun and establish the Republic on 1st January 1912 (he declares himself president)
What was the Wuhan Uprising?
The Wuhan New army mutinied after their plans for an uprising was uncovered
What was Yuan’s response to the Wuhan uprising?
He mobiles the Beiyang army, arriving on 14th November 1911, declaring himself prime minister.
How did Yuan and Sun resolve their conflicting claims for power?
Yuan would force the Qing to abdicate and the rebels would unite underneath Yuan’s presidency.
How/when did yuan establish his position as a military dictator?
> Bans the GMD in 1913
Closes the National assembly in 1914
Declares himself emperor in 1915
When was the 21 Demands issued?
15th January 1915
When did Yuan accept the terms of the 21 Demands?
May 1915
What was the impact of the 21 Demands?
> ‘National Day of Shame’ as China’s rulers had fiven into foreign encroachment
When did Yuan die?
6th June 1916
What happened as a result of Yuan’s death?
There was a power vacuum
> No parliament = no means of sharing peace
> By harassing political parties, China’s power was in the hands of military governors
> No leader was groomed to succeed him or the Beiyang army
