Failure of the Early Republic Flashcards

1912 - 1917

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1
Q

When was the Tongmenhui created?

A

1905

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2
Q

What were the Three Principles?

A

> Nationalism
Democracy
People’s Livelihood

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3
Q

What was the Tongmenghui?

A

> The champions of an alternative vision for China’s future, but not the group which overthrew the Qing.

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4
Q

How many uprisings did the Tongmenghui launch between 1905-11?

A

10

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5
Q

When was the Wuhan Uprising?

A

10th October 1911

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6
Q

What was the effect of the Wuhan Uprising?

A

> Provincial assemblies declare independence
Within six weeks, 12 of China’s 18 provinces have rebelled
They unite under Sun and establish the Republic on 1st January 1912 (he declares himself president)

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7
Q

What was the Wuhan Uprising?

A

The Wuhan New army mutinied after their plans for an uprising was uncovered

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8
Q

What was Yuan’s response to the Wuhan uprising?

A

He mobiles the Beiyang army, arriving on 14th November 1911, declaring himself prime minister.

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9
Q

How did Yuan and Sun resolve their conflicting claims for power?

A

Yuan would force the Qing to abdicate and the rebels would unite underneath Yuan’s presidency.

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10
Q

How/when did yuan establish his position as a military dictator?

A

> Bans the GMD in 1913
Closes the National assembly in 1914
Declares himself emperor in 1915

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11
Q

When was the 21 Demands issued?

A

15th January 1915

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12
Q

When did Yuan accept the terms of the 21 Demands?

A

May 1915

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13
Q

What was the impact of the 21 Demands?

A

> ‘National Day of Shame’ as China’s rulers had fiven into foreign encroachment

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14
Q

When did Yuan die?

A

6th June 1916

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15
Q

What happened as a result of Yuan’s death?

A

There was a power vacuum
> No parliament = no means of sharing peace
> By harassing political parties, China’s power was in the hands of military governors
> No leader was groomed to succeed him or the Beiyang army

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