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xCase 18 SBA > Faecal-oral Protozoa > Flashcards

Faecal-oral Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

descibr eht clinical manifestations of cryptosporidium

A

trvaellers diarrhoea and childhood diarrhoea in developing counteries

water borne outbreaks in developing countries- contaminted food, pools

protracted, sevre diarrhoea in immunocmpromised patients (HIV/AIDS

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2
Q

where is Giardiasis mainly seen

and pathogneisis

A

areas of poor sanitation- commonyl tropical areas- deveeloping world

Most commonly idenditifed watr borne disease

cysts ingested form cotnaminated water

survive otuside the body- resistance to standard chemical treatments

broad mamamalian host

infected pattient has watery diarrhoea fro a long time

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3
Q

Descirbe the lifecycel of Giardia

A

ingest cysts

cyst hatches (trophozxoites), repdorudc e asexuallting under encystartion

cysts eject in faeces

(environmentally resistive ( chlorination ineffective

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4
Q

describe giardiasis in children

A

sevre physical and mentah delay in growht, due to malnutrtion

most common cuase of parasitic disease in UK and US

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5
Q

Describe the symptoms seen in Gardiasis

A
  • Prolonged watery diarrhoea
  • greasy floating stools ( fialure to asborb fat soluble vitamins, fat, lactose, B12)
  • abdominal cramps
  • nausa commiting
  • dehydration
  • significant weight loss
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6
Q

how would symtpoms dffer in cyrptosporidium spp in immunocompetent vs compromised?

A

immune competent- self limited diarrhoeal illness

immunocompromised- sevre prologned diarrhoea- life threating malabsorption . signfgicant loss of fluid each day 10-15 L day

chronic intestinal cryptopsoridisosi lasting >1. motnh AIDs defining iulnnes

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7
Q

What is the organims behind giardiaisis

A

Garidia lambilia

intestinal parasite relativley commomn in immigrants,

protozoa single celle flagellated organism

main soruce inw ater (maybe in soil)

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8
Q

what is the treatment for Gardiasis?

A

Oral metronidazole

Or tinidazole

do not prescribe in children following gastroenteritis

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9
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Cryptosporodium

A

oocysts from infect host in faeces contaminted dirnkin water/ ingested

infect cells intestinal epithelila cells

replciae

destruction of microvilli

excrtee oocysts is infective- autoinfecgtion of hsot-n allows immediate infection to next host

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10
Q

Risk factors for cryptosporidium spp

A

similar to giardia, contaminated water source, uncooked foot, trvel to undeveeloped counteries

animal handling

exposure to faces

immunomcompromised

elderly very young

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11
Q

what is the treatment for cryptosporidium

A

immunocompetent rarley need intervention- rehdyrdraton/ salt replacement supporitve treatment

those at risk of severe disease- Nitazoxanide - broad specturm antiparasitic/ viral

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12
Q

Describe the pathology of Amoebiaiss (emtamoeba histolytica)

A

cause of amoebiaiss

single celled freeliving parasite

quite infection

commonest cause of traveller diarrhoea (bloody painful diarrhoa, abdominal pain, perforation of intestine maybe liver invovlement in sevre disease

occurs worldwide in areas of poor santiation

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13
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Amoebiasis

A

cyst ingested

releasing amoebic trophoxioites

bind to intetinal wall (large)

in most causes the trophoziotes fred on nutrients then secret as cyst , to allow the to be passed on in stool and find a new host

hind cysts in stool (trophoxiotes rapdil destoryed otuside th ebodyd

can disseminate to extraitnestinal disease

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14
Q

what are the three types of Amoebiais

A
  • luminal amoebiaiss (asymptomativ non invasisve)
  • amoebic colitis (invasisdve amoebic dysentery)
    • more common
    • invasion fo trophoziotes into intestinal mucosa
    • blood diarrhoa, containing mucus
    • pain
    • histolytcia mean lysis of tissues
    • parasite lysses inttesinal mucaos causing it to be bloody diarrhoea
  • invasive extraintestinal amoebiasis
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15
Q

Decribe invasive extraintestinal amoebiasis

A

cna spread to brains and lungs

most commonly hepatic amoebaisis

  • travels to the liver and forms liver abscess
  • can occur 8 weeks 1 year post infection
  • symtpoms of liver abcess
    • right upper wuadrant discomfort
    • tender hetpaotmegaly
    • intermitien fever
    • night sweat rigors
    • aneamsi
  • may have no history of blood diarrhoea
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16
Q

Describe the spread of Amoebiasis and diagnossis

A

cysts can survive for weeks outside host body

incubation for illness follwoing ingest can be from days to years

increasing globalisiaiton/trvale/migration means clincuiasn need to be away

diagnosois- wt sample look for cysts- enzyme immunoassya for E.historlytica

17
Q

whats is the treatment for Amoebiasis

A

metronidaxole- invasive amoebiasis

luninal amoebicide- destroy gastrointestinal cysts

18
Q

what is toxoplasmosis cuasive orhansima dn descirbe hwo it is spread

A
  • toxoplasma gondii
  • one of the most common apraiste in the world 30-50% of worlds population thought to have been infected most individuals have no symptoms
  • intraceellul sporozoan parasite
  • only deficint host is domestic cat
    • oocyst shed in cat faces
    • pasted to intemeidat host - birds rodent animals bread for meet. and humans become infected by. tissue enters the tissue of infected organism- jsucel, mycoardoi,. brao amd eyes and faeces
      • consuming food contamine by cat faecees/litter
      • eating contaminet meat / dirnking unpasteurised milk
      • congentiually
      • rarely blood trnasufion or organs
19
Q

what are the symptoms of toxoplasmosis

A

immune copetent have asymtomapti or hild illness- low grade fever, generalised lymphasenophatb mailiuse

can reamin dormant- carrirs

in the immunocompromised- focal nerological symtoms, on eo more brain enhacing lesions, ocular toxoplasmosis causing retinochoroidotiis - scraring ot he retinna

20
Q

what can congential toxoplamsosis cause in prgenant women fetus and what should they avoid

A

intracranail calcifiaction

neurological developemntal deays

hearing and vision loss

still birht

prgenant women advised to avoid consuming- raw undercooked meat, raw eggs,. avoid exposure to cat little

21
Q

what eprsonality trait is linked to toxoplamsosis

A

/crayx cat lady sybdrome’

can lead to onset in schipohrenia in childrne

increas in risk taking behaviru in individuals

xCase 18 SBA (9 decks)

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