Factual Knowledge

Question 1

term: peninsulares

Answer 1

Europeans from the Iberian peninsula living in Latin America

Question 2

term: creoles

Answer 2

a person of Spanish descent, born in the colonies, identifies with Latin America

Question 3

term: mazombo

Answer 3

descendants of settlers from Portugal, identifies with Latin America

Question 4

term: mestizo

Answer 4

a person of mixed blood, European and indigenous

Question 5

term: mulato

Answer 5

Black and European person

Question 6

term: zambo

Answer 6

black and indigenous

Question 7

term: mercantilism

Answer 7

an economic strategy whereby a country gains wealth through trade and protectionism - increased exports and decreased imports

Question 8

term: absolutism

Answer 8

political doctrine where the authority of the sovereign is unlimited and centralised

Question 9

term: Bourbon reforms

Answer 9

Economic and political reforms carried out by Charles III - enlightened absolutism - 2nd conquest of Spanish America - 18th C

Question 10

term: Pombaline reforms

Answer 10

Prime Minister Pombal - economic, political, and social reforms for Brazil in attempt to make Brazil economically self-sufficient - 18th C

Question 11

term: intendencia

Answer 11

instrument of royal centralisation - aim to increase Spanish monarchies control over colonies - only peninsulares could work in these

Question 12

term: cabildo

Answer 12

council - local government - creoles barred from office

Question 13

term: cãmara

Answer 13

Municipal chamber in colonial Brazil

Question 14

term: patronato

Answer 14

System whereby the crown controlled major appointments of church officials and church revenues

Question 15

term: bandeirante

Answer 15

Portuguese settlers in Brazil - fortune hunters - expanded the borders of Brazilian colony

Question 16

name: Charles III

Answer 16

Bourbon king of Spain - enlightened absolutism - Bourbon reforms - reined 1759-1788

Question 17

name: Marquis de Pombal

Answer 17

Prime Minister of Portugal (1750-1777) - economic reforms based on Enlightenment thinking

Question 18

date: treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 18

1494 (establishes line that separates Spanish America and Portuguese territory)

Question 19

date: treaty of Madrid

Answer 19

1750 (established borders between Span and Portuguese empires - Brazil goes to Portugal)

Question 20

date: peak for Bourbon reforms

Answer 20

1760-1785

Question 21

date: peak for Pombaline reforms

Answer 21

1750-1775

Question 22

date: edict of Maria I

Answer 22

1785 (backlash to Pombaline reforms, closure of manufactures and trading companies)

Question 23

place: Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas

Answer 23

• New Granada
• New Spain
• Rio de la Plata
• Peru

Question 24

term: Enlightenment

Answer 24

18th C intellectual movement - focus on reason and science

Question 25

term: moderado

Answer 25

dominant in the anti-colonial movement - made up of big landowners - wanted autonomy within Spanish empire

Question 26

term: exaltado

Answer 26

radical minority in anti-colonial movement - middle class intellectuals and crafts industry - wanted independence

Question 27

date: Tupac Amaru revolt in Peru

Answer 27

1780-83

Question 28

date: Inconfidência Mineira, Minas Conspiracy, in Brazil

Answer 28

1789

Question 29

date: Inconfidência Baiana, Bahia Conspiracy, in Brazil

Answer 29

1798

Question 30

name: Tupac Amaru

Answer 30

led and indigenous revolt against Spanish colonial rule 1780-83

Question 31

name: José Joaquim da Maia

Answer 31

Minieras conspiracy in Brazil - appeals to Thomas Jefferson to help Brazil become independent

Question 32

name: Tiradentes

Answer 32

led the anti-colonial movement in Villa Rica in 1889 - literally ‘tooth puller’

Question 33

places: epicentre of Tupac Amaru revolt

Answer 33

Cusco and La Paz

Question 34

places: epicentre of Miniera conspiracy

Answer 34

Minas Gera

Question 35

places: epicentre of Baiana conspiracy

Answer 35

Bahia