Factors that affect equilibrium Flashcards
what is chemical equilibrium?
the point at which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction
what happens when a substance is heated?
the substance starts to decompose
what happens when enough of a substance is created when the substance was heated?
the decomposed substance starts to collide and form its original substance
what does double arrow mean?
the process is dynamic
when has chemical equilibrium been reached?
when both products are producing a equal constant of each other
what does equilibrium mean?
A state of balance at which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
what is Le Châtelier’s Principle?
If a stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the system changes to relieve the stress.
what are the system stresses?
Concentration of reactants or products
Temperature
Pressure
what are the effects of changing the concentration to a system?
Stress: Increasing products
Relief: Decreasing products
Shift: to the left (reactants)
what are the effect of changing the temperature to a system
Stress: Increase in Temp
Relief: Decrease in Temp
Shift: Towards the left
what are the effects of changing the pressure of a system?
Affects gases only.
For unequal number of moles of reactants and products, if pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift to reduce the number of particles.
For equal number of moles of reactants and products, no shift occurs
what is Le Châtelier’s Principle?
System starts at equilibrium.
A change/stress is then made to system at equilibrium. Change in concentration Change in volume Change in pressure Change in Temperature Add Catalyst
System responds by shifting to reactant or product side to restore equilibrium.
what is the equilibrium constant?
Kc
what is the equilibrium constant expression?
k(eq)=(P(p)xQ(q)/A(a)xB(b))
factors of equilibrium?
pressure(volume) -increase/decrease -change the system to fix it self -kc value is unchanged concentration -same as pressure energy/temp -kc is affected catalyst - effects how quickly it gets to equilibrium -xkc
is enthalpy in exo positive or negative
negative
is enthalpy in endo positive or negative
positive
what is le chateliers principle
an equilibrium reaction can be manipulated to push it forwards, increasing the concentration of the products in the system, or backwards, increasing the concentration of reactants
system will adjust itself in order to make itself equal again
define forward reaction?
the reaction between the reactants and products
define reversible reaction?
the backwards reaction in which the product reacts and reforms the reactants
define activation energy?
the minimum amount of energy needed to start a reaction
define enthalpy?
the energy stored within the chemical substance, referred to as its chemical energy or heat content
define dynamic equilibrium
the state a reaction reaches when the rate of the forward and reverse reaction are equal.
define open system?
stuff can leave
define close system?
cant leave
what is kc formula?
kc = ((c)^c(D)^d)/((A)^a(B)^b)
