Factors shaping feelings and their role in communication

Question 1

Neurodiversity-affirming lens

Answer 1

• Recognizes and embraces natural diversity in neurological and cognitive functioning among individuals.
• Challenges the notion of a “normal” way of thinking, learning, and behaving.
• Focuses on strengths, abilities, and perspectives of neurodiverse individuals.

Question 2

Sensory sensitivities

Answer 2

• Individual differences in processing and responses to sensory stimuli from the environment.
• Includes heightened sensitivity or aversion to sensory inputs like sound, touch, taste, smell, or visual stimuli.
• Can lead to sensory overload or discomfort in response to certain stimuli.

Question 3

Emotional regulation

Answer 3

• Involves monitoring, evaluating, and modulating one’s emotional experiences and expressions to adaptively respond to internal or external stimuli.
• Includes recognizing and labeling emotions, understanding their causes and consequences, and employing strategies to manage emotional responses.

Question 4

Empathy

Answer 4

The capacity to understand and share the feelings, thoughts, and perspectives of others.

Question 5

Emotional experiences

Answer 5

• Internal, subjective feelings and reactions individuals undergo in response to various stimuli or experiences.
• Influenced by cultural backgrounds and can vary significantly across societies and communities.

Question 6

Emotional expressions

Answer 6

• Outward display or communication of one’s internal emotional experience.
• Includes facial expressions, body language, vocal tone, and verbal communication.
• Shaped by cultural norms dictating appropriate emotional expression in different contexts.

Question 7

Collectivist cultures

Answer 7

• Societies where the collective well-being and cohesion of the group are prioritized over individual interests.
• Individuals may suppress or regulate their emotions to maintain social harmony.

Question 8

Display rules

Answer 8

• Norms or guidelines dictating how individuals should regulate or express their emotions in different social contexts.
• Can vary across cultures and situations, influencing the appropriateness of emotions expressed in specific settings.

Question 9

Individualist cultures

Answer 9

• Societies where individuals are encouraged to express emotions openly and prioritize their own emotional well-being and fulfillment over group interests.
• Encourages individual autonomy, personal achievement, and self-expression.

Question 10

Cultural display rule

Answer 10

• Modification of emotional expression according to cultural norms.
• Dictates how individuals adapt their emotional displays based on societal expectations and values regarding emotional expression in a specific cultural context.

Question 11

Contempt

Answer 11

Complex emotion involving a combination of disgust, anger, and superiority toward someone or something perceived as inferior.

Question 12

Grief

Answer 12

• Emotional response to loss, often associated with feelings of sadness, sorrow, and longing.
• Manifests in various ways and is influenced by cultural traditions and beliefs.

Question 13

Theory of Basic Emotions:

Answer 13

• Suggests that emotions are biologically driven and evolve as discrete categories over time.
• Explains shared facial expressions for certain emotions across cultures.

Question 14

Surprise

Answer 14

• An emotion of astonishment or unexpectedness when something startling occurs.
• Distinguished by raised upper eyelids and eyebrows, along with an open mouth and dropped jaw.

Question 15

Fear

Answer 15

• Emotion triggered by perception of danger, threat, or harm, typically involving unease or anxiety.
• Distinguished by raised eyebrows, widened eyes, and tightened mouth.

Question 16

Disgust

Answer 16

• An emotion triggered by a strong aversion or revulsion toward something unpleasant, offensive, or repulsive.
• Distinguished by narrowed eyes, pulled-down eyebrows, wrinkled nose, and raised top lip to show teeth.

Question 17

Anger

Answer 17

• An emotion triggered by intense perceived injustice, frustration, or provocation, involving feelings of irritation, hostility, or resentment.
• Distinguished by a furrowed brow, tightened lower eyelids, and tightened lips pressed together.

Question 18

Happiness

Answer 18

• An emotion characterized by feelings of joy, contentment, and satisfaction, often associated with pleasurable experiences and fulfilling relationships.
• Distinguished by crow’s feet due to muscle tightening around the eyes and raised corners of the mouth.

Question 19

Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Answer 19

• Objective method for measuring and classifying facial expressions.
• Utilizes anatomically based systems to describe facial movements.
• Breaks down expressions into specific action units (AUs) representing basic muscular movements

Question 20

Sadness

Answer 20

• An emotion characterized by feelings of sorrow, unhappiness, or melancholy, often associated with loss, disappointment, or separation from something valued.
• Distinguished by skin pouches on the forehead, eyebrows pulled up and in, and downturned corners of the mouth.

Question 21

Four reasons why emotions are crucial in communication

Answer 21

• Emotions transcend language barriers, providing cues that convey meanings beyond words.
• Emotions provide context, shaping how messages are perceived and interpreted.
• Emotions foster empathy, facilitating understanding and connection with others.
• Emotions reveal intentions, adding layers of meaning to communication.

Question 22

Complex emotions

Answer 22

• Feelings involving higher-level thinking and personal interpretation.
• Examples include awe, resentment, influenced by social norms and personal experiences.
• Require conscious thought and self-awareness to comprehend fully.

Question 23

Subliminal stimuli

Answer 23

• Stimuli presented too quickly for conscious recognition, revealing unconscious emotional responses.
• Often used in psychological experiments to study implicit reactions.

Question 24

Affective blindsight

Answer 24

• Condition where individuals have emotional responses to stimuli in their blind field, despite lacking conscious awareness due to visual cortex damage.
• Demonstrates the separation of conscious perception and emotional processing in the brain.

Question 25

Blindsight

Answer 25

• Condition where individuals respond to visual stimuli without conscious awareness.
• Can detect objects or movements despite being unable to consciously perceive them.
• Indicates the brain’s ability to process visual information without conscious awareness.

Question 26

Striate cortex

Answer 26

• Primary visual cortex located in the occipital lobe.
• Processes visual information from the eyes, including detecting edges, shapes, and motion.
• Plays a crucial role in visual perception and awareness.