Factors affecting prejudice and discrimination: individual differences, situation, and culture Flashcards
What is prejudice?
a preconceived negative judgment or attitude toward individuals based solely on their membership in a particular group
What is discrimination?
unjust treatment of individuals based on their group membership, translating prejudiced attitudes into actions
what are the main factors affecting prejudice and discrimination?
- individual differences
- situational factors
- cultural norms
How do individual differences affect prejudice and discrimination?
Individual differences such as personality traits, upbringing or personal experiences can influence the likelihood of a person displaying prejudice or engaging in discriminatory behaviour
Which personality trait is commonly linked to higher levels of prejudice?
The authoritarian personality is often linked to higher levels of prejudice
What is the authoritarian personality theory?
a theory that suggests individuals with a strict upbringing may develop a personality type that is submissive to authority figures and hostile towards out-groups, leading to prejudice
How do situational factors affect prejudice?
situational factors eg. group competition, social norms, and perceived threats can exacerbate prejudice attitudes and discriminatory behaviours
What is the role of social norms in prejudice?
Social norms dictate acceptable behaviours and attitudes within a group , conforming to prejudiced norms leads to discrimination
How do cultural factors influence prejudice?
cultural values, traditions and societal structures can either promote inclusivity or perpetuate stereotypes, significantly impacting prejudice levels
What is ethnocentrism?
viewings your own culture as superior and judging other cultures by your own cultural standards , often leading to prejudice
How can prejudice and discrimination be reduced according to psychological theories?
- positive interactions between groups
- education and awareness promoting understanding and empathy between different groups
- implementing laws that prohibit discriminatory behaviour
What is individualism?
a cultural orientation where the focus is on the needs, goals, and rights of the individual rather than the group. people tend to value personal achievement, independence, and self-reliance.
What is collectivism?
a cultural orientation that emphasizes the needs, goals, and well-being of the group over those of the individual, people tend to value social harmony, interdependence, and group cohesion
