Factors Affecting Prejudice:

Question 1

What are Situational Factors? And how does it affect P?

Answer 1

Features of the physical and social environment that make an individual develop prejudice attitudes.

Question 2

What are Social Norms? And how does it affect P?

Answer 2

Beliefs and behaviours that are seen as socially acceptable in a specific group in society. Can develop due to role models and which group we identify with. This creates a sense of belonging. This could lead to prejudice attitudes developing.

Question 3

How does RCT affect prejudice?

Answer 3

Competition over resources creates prejudice and discrimination. Superordinate goals can reduce prejudice.

Question 4

How does SIT affect prejudice?

Answer 4

Competition is not needed just the formation of groups causes prejudice. Show prejudice towards the out-group.

Question 5

Supporting Evidence: Minard:

Answer 5

I: Found that the relationship between the black and white coal miners in the USA was friendly underground but racist when they returned to the surface.
J: This shows that social situations can dictate levels of prejudice due to changes in social norms.

Question 6

Supporting Evidence: Sherif:

Answer 6

I: Found that creating competition between the Rattlers and Eagles for scarce resources such as trophies for winning games such as tug of war was enough to cause prejudice.
J: This shows that competition for resources is a situational factor that can lead to prejudice.

Question 7

Critical Evidence: Adorno et al:

Answer 7

I: Found that those with an authoritarian personality were more likely to be hostile to people not in their group who are of an inferior status
J: This suggests that the situation is not the only factor affecting prejudice, as prejudice could be due to personality.

Question 8

Critical Evidence: Cohrs:

Answer 8

I: Found that right-wing authoritarianism positively correlated with prejudice and negatively correlated with openness.
J: This shows that an individual’s personality is an important part of causing them to discriminate against others.

Question 9

How does an authoritarian personality affect Prejudice?

Answer 9

People with AP are often raised in a strict upbringing makes them more discriminatory toward others. Hostile to those seen as inferior. More likely to categorise people into “us” and “them” so more likely to show prejudice.

Question 10

How does RWA affect prejudice?

Answer 10

Prejudice to certain groups. RWA may develop due to being socialised to fear threatening + dangerous situations. Due to the uncertainty of the world around us.

Question 11

How does SDO affect prejudice?

Answer 11

People who have SDO will see the world as a hierarchy and want their own group to be on top and are likely to show prejudice towards groups of lower status.

Question 12

Supporting Evidence: Cohrs:

Answer 12

I: Found that right-wing authoritarianism positively correlated with prejudice and negatively correlated with openness.
J: This shows that an individual’s personality is an important part of causing them to discriminate against others.

Question 13

Supporting Evidence: Adorno et al:

Answer 13

I: Found that those with an authoritarian personality were more likely to be hostile to people not in their group who are of an inferior status.
This suggests that prejudice is due to personality.

Question 14

Critical Evidence: Minard:

Answer 14

I: Found that the relationship between the black and white coal miners in the USA was friendly underground but racist when they returned to the surface.
J: This shows that social situations can dictate levels of prejudice due to changes in social norms.

Question 15

Critical Evidence: Chow:

Answer 15

I: Looked at workplace interactions of employees and in/outgroup relationships and found that Chinese employees (collectivist) were less willing to share info with members of the outgroup compared to America (individualistic).
J: This shows that collectivists prioritise the needs of the ingroup over the outgroup showing prejudice.

Question 16

What are cultural factors and how does it affect prejudice?

Answer 16

Shared ideas, values, beliefs and behaviour norms of a particular group in society. Show us and them. Own culture is superior.

Question 17

How does Collectivist culture affect prejudice?

Answer 17

Stress the importance of the whole group as a collective, social harmony, strong alliance within the in-group, more likely to show prejudice with out-group.

Question 18

How does Individualistic culture affect prejudice?

Answer 18

Emphasises individualism, more tolerance to out-groups, less prejudice, and conflict is not desirable.

Question 19

Supporting Evidence: Chow:

Answer 19

I: Looked at workplace interactions of employees and in/outgroup relationships and found that Chinese employees (collectivist) were less willing to share info with members of the outgroup compared to America (individualistic).
J: This shows that collectivists prioritise the needs of the ingroup over the outgroup showing prejudice.

Question 20

Supporting Evidence: Katz + Braly:

Answer 20

I: Asked American students to pick 5-6 traits (e.g. lazy) out of 84 that best represent minority ethnic groups and found they rated African Americans as lazy and superstitious and Jews as shrewd.
J: This suggests that cultures may share prejudiced views of out-groups.

Question 21

Critical Evidence: Adorno et al:

Answer 21

I: Found that those with an authoritarian personality were more likely to be hostile to people not in their group who are of an inferior status.
J: This suggests that culture is not the only factor affecting prejudice, as it could be due to personality.

Question 22

Critical Evidence: Sherif:

Answer 22

I: Found that creating competition between the Rattlers and Eagles for scarce resources such as trophies for winning games such as tug of war was enough to cause prejudice.
J: This shows that competition for resources is a situational factor that can lead to prejudice and not just cultural norms.