Factors Affecting Enzymes

Question 1

What causes the protein structure to change?

Answer 1

They are sensitive to certain conditions

Question 2

What are the 5 factors affecting the rate of enzyme controlled reactions?

Answer 2

• temperature
  -pH
  -Substrate concentration
• Enzyme concentration
  -Inhibitors

Question 3

Temperature affecting enzymes?

Answer 3

Temp to low= not enough kinetic energy for successful collisions between enzyme and substrate
Temp to high= enzyme nature, active site changes shape, complexes cannot form 

Question 4

pH affecting enzymes?

Answer 4

Too high or low = interfere with charges in the active sites. Can break the bonds holding tertiary structure causing active site to change shape
So enzymes denature and fewer complexes form

Question 5

Substrate and enzyme concentration affecting enzymes?

Answer 5

Insufficient substrate= slower reaction, fewer collisions
Insufficient enzymes = active sites becomes saturated with substrate so unable to work faster

Question 6

How does a competitive inhibitor affect enzymes?

Answer 6

Same shape as substrate and combines to active site
Prevent substrate from binding and reaction occurring
If more substrates added it will flood the inhibitor knocking them out of the active site

Question 7

How does a non-competitive inhibitor affect enzymes?

Answer 7

Binds to the enzyme away from the active site.
Causes active site to change shape to tertiary structure so substrate can no longer bind regardless of how much substrate is added