RNA structure And Function

Question 1

What is RNA?

Answer 1

A polymer of a nucleotide formed of a ribose and nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
Nitrogenous basis = adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil.
Short polynucleotide chain and a single stranded

Question 2

What is the function of RNA?

Answer 2

Copy and transfer the genetic code from DNA into the nucleus to ribosomes.
Some Is also combined with proteins to create ribosomes

Question 3

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 3

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

Question 4

What is mRNA?

Answer 4

messenger RNA-copy of a gene from DNA
Create in nucleus, carry Copy of genetic code to a ribosome in the cytoplasm

Question 5

Why is mRNA used to carry a copy of genetic code to the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

DNA is too large to leave the nucleus.
mRNA is much shorter as it is only the length of one gene so can leave the nucleus
It is short-lived and only needed temporarily
Single stranded and every three bases code for specific amino acid =codon

Question 6

What is tRNA and its function?

Answer 6

Found in cytoplasm
Single stranded but folded like a clover held in place by hydrogen bonds
Function= Attached to one of the 20aas and transfer it to the ribosome to create the polypeptide chain
Bases have to be complementary
Anticodon as are complimentary to the codon on mRNA

Question 7

What is rRNA?

Answer 7

Makes up the bulk of ribosomes
RNA combines with protein to make ribosomes

Question 8

DNA vs RNA monomers?

Answer 8

Differences between the monomers:
- DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil instead
- DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

Question 9

DNA vs RNA polymers?

Answer 9

DNA is much larger- 23000 genes whereas RNA is shorter as it is one gene long
DNA is double-stranded whereas RNA is single-stranded