Factors affecting enzyme activity Flashcards
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
when temperature increases the rate of the enzyme controlled reaction increases, more heat means more kinetic energy, so molecules move faster, so the enzymes are more likely to collide with the substrate molecules. but if the temperature gets to high the reaction stops.
How does a too high temperature stop a enzyme controlled reaction?
the rise in temperature makes the enzyme’s molecules vibrate more. if the temperature goes above a certain level this vibration breaks some of the bonds that hold the enzyme in shape. the active site changes shape and the enzyme and substrate no longer fit together. at this piont the enzyme is denatured
How does pH affect enzyme activity?
enzymes have a optimum pH value. above and below the optimum pH level hydrogen and hydroxide ions can found in acids and alkalis can mess up the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds that hold the enzymes tertairy structure in place. changes active site shape so the enzyme becomes denatured
How does enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction?
the more enzyme molecules there are in a solution, the more likely a sustrate molecule can collide with one and form an enzyme substrate complex. if the amount of substrate is limited there comes a piont where adding more enzyme has no further affect
How does substrate concentration affect the rate of reaction?
higher the sustrate concentration, the faster the reaction, only true up to saturation piont after that all active sites are full and adding more makes no diffrence.
What is a competitive inhibitor ?
Molecules that have a similar shape to that of the substrate molecules. they compete with the substrate molecules to bind to the active site but no reaction takes place.
What is a non competitive inhibitor?
Molecules that bind to the enzymes away from its active site, this causes the active site to change shape so the substrate molecules can no longer bind to it.
