Facilitation

Question 1

What is therapeutic handling

Answer 1

• Hands on examination and treatment technique
• used during evaluation and intervention
• consists of dynamic reciprocal interaction between the client and therapist

Question 2

What can a therapist do through therapeutic handling

Answer 2

● Feels the client’s response to changes in posture or movement
● Facilitates postural control and movement patterns that broaden the client’s options for selecting successful actions
● Provide boundaries for movements that interfere with the functional goal
● Inhibit or constrain those motor patterns that, if practiced, lead to secondary deformities, further disability, or decreased participation in society

Question 3

Is therapeutic handling used during evaluation or intervention?

Answer 3

both!

Question 4

What does therapeutic handling consist of?

Answer 4

A dynamic reciprocal interaction between the client and the therapist for:
● activating optimal sensorimotor processing
● task performance
● skill acquisition to enable participation in meaningful activities (motor learning)

Question 5

What is facilitation

Answer 5

A therapeutic handling technique utilizing tactile
input to make posture or movement easier or more likely to occur

Question 6

What does the therapist function as during facilitation?

Answer 6

a guide to promote active participation by the client

Question 7

When is facilitation used?

Answer 7

during goal-directed activities

Question 8

What does facilitation promote?

Answer 8

repetition and practice
(start more proximal then eventually get more distal)

Question 9

What are the key points of control in facilitation

Answer 9

Body parts from which abnormal patterns could be controlled (inhibited) and normal movement patterns could be facilitated

Question 10

how should you progress key points of control?

Answer 10

transition from proximal to distal

Question 11

Where should you work key points of control

Answer 11

● Work across joints
● Work over muscle belly
● NEVER directly over bony prominences

Question 12

What are degrees of freedom

Answer 12

The number of ways body segments/joints can move to complete a motor activity

Question 13

What do proximal key pints of control do to degrees of freedom?

Answer 13

• decreases the number
• As a child becomes more proficient with a motor
  activity, they will increase the degrees of freedom used to complete the task

Question 14

What is task analysis

Answer 14

The process of breaking down a motor skill into
smaller parts in order to teach each component to the client

Question 15

What does task analysis consist of?

Answer 15

● Alignment
● Weight shift
● Symmetry
● Sequencing

Question 16

What is Edelman’s Neuronal Group Selection?

Answer 16

● Brain development or recovery from brain damage is aided when:
● The individual engages in activities that occur in functionally or developmentally appropriate environmental contexts and
● When the individual generates movement to meet specific task requirements

Question 17

See Edelman’s Neuronal Group Selection

Question 18

Why do we do facilitation?

Answer 18

to foster a child’s skeletal system maturation, limit compensator patterns, prep for better movements, and fosters cognitive and social development

Question 19

Lack of movement or weight bearing limits what?

Answer 19

• bone growth/density
• length and shape

Question 20

atypical bone development

Answer 20

• joint instability
• rotational issues

Question 21

overuse of ineffective movement patters leads to…

Answer 21

overuse injury

Question 22

Alterations in the precision of movement results in….

Answer 22

the development of compensatory movement

Question 23

Impairments addressed by facilitation - Weakness

Answer 23

● Related to hypotonia
● Related to hypertonia (hypertonic mm, antagonist of hypertonic mm)
● Related to denervation (complete and partial)

Question 24

Impairments addressed by facilitation - poor timing of agonist/antagonist

Answer 24

● Dexterity
● Coordination
● Slowness of movement
● Motor planning

Question 25

How does facilitation foster cognitive and social development

Answer 25

through exploration and interactions

Question 26

Facilitation - Exploration

Answer 26

● Environment (movement through space)
● Toys, games
● Basic and instrumental ADL

Question 27

Facilitations - Interactions

Answer 27

● Parents and other family members
● Peers

Question 28

Principles of Facilitation

Answer 28

● Analyze the task that you are attempting to teach
● The child actively participates while learning the components of the task
● Avoid facilitating movement patterns that reinforce existing impairments
● Facilitation = Guide
● Move with your patient/client
● All key points of control have direct and indirect effects on movement