facil

Question 2

What metabolites of arachidonic acid are there? How does aspirin work?

Answer 2

Precursor of prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and endocannabinoids
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and is therefore
anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic.

Question 3

Which glycerolipids do you know? (Overview of structure and synthesis)

Answer 3

Glycerolipids are lipids with glycerol as their basic structure
phosphoglycerides
glycoglycerides: glycero is linked to two fatty acid residues and one phosphoric acid residue .l + one or two fatty acids + a mono- or oligosaccharide)

ÿ Phosphate residue, glycerin residue & fatty acids
Important membrane phosphoglycerides:
ÿ Phosphatidylserine
ÿ Phosphatidylcholine

Question 4

How is glycogen structured and which enzymes are needed to break down and build up glycogen?

Answer 4

central protein = glycogenin, to which up to 50,000 glucose building blocks are attached and
connected via an ÿ-1,4-glycosidic bond, branches are bound via ÿ-1,6-glycosidic bond
ÿ Structure by glycogen synthase, branching enzyme
ÿ Degradation by phosphorylase, transferase, alpha-1,6-glucosidase

Question 5

Which glycolysis reactions must be avoided in gluconeogenesis and what is the cost of
synthesizing glucose from pyruvate?

Answer 5

• Hexokinase (Glucose-6-Phosphatase)
• Phosphofructokinase I (Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase)
• Pyruvate kinase (through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)
  4 atp, 2 gtp, 2nadh

Question 6

What is the function of the glucose-alanine cycle?
enzima

Answer 6

ÿ The glucose-alanine cycle serves to transport toxic ammonia from the muscle to the liver.
piruvato->alanina->piruvato-> glucosa-> iruvato

alanine aminotransferase

Question 7

What is the function of glutamate dehydrogenase? (+ reaction)

Answer 7

+ ÿ Glutamate is converted by glutamate dehydrogenase to ÿ-ketoglutarate and NH4

It is important for the fixation or release of ammonium (NH4+ ), which is later bound to urea in the urea cycle in order to be excreted

Question 8

General reaction of aminotransferases? Which coenzyme? Example

Answer 8

alanina+ alfaketoglutarato= piruvato+ glutamato

All aminotransferases have pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as a coenzyme, which is derived from pyridoxine (vitamin B6).