facil Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What metabolites of arachidonic acid are there? How does aspirin work?

A

Precursor of prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and endocannabinoids
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and is therefore
anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic.

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3
Q

Which glycerolipids do you know? (Overview of structure and synthesis)

A

Glycerolipids are lipids with glycerol as their basic structure
phosphoglycerides
glycoglycerides: glycero is linked to two fatty acid residues and one phosphoric acid residue .l + one or two fatty acids + a mono- or oligosaccharide)

ÿ Phosphate residue, glycerin residue & fatty acids
Important membrane phosphoglycerides:
ÿ Phosphatidylserine
ÿ Phosphatidylcholine

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4
Q

How is glycogen structured and which enzymes are needed to break down and build up glycogen?

A

central protein = glycogenin, to which up to 50,000 glucose building blocks are attached and
connected via an ÿ-1,4-glycosidic bond, branches are bound via ÿ-1,6-glycosidic bond
ÿ Structure by glycogen synthase, branching enzyme
ÿ Degradation by phosphorylase, transferase, alpha-1,6-glucosidase

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5
Q

Which glycolysis reactions must be avoided in gluconeogenesis and what is the cost of
synthesizing glucose from pyruvate?

A
  • Hexokinase (Glucose-6-Phosphatase)
  • Phosphofructokinase I (Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase)
  • Pyruvate kinase (through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)
    4 atp, 2 gtp, 2nadh
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6
Q

What is the function of the glucose-alanine cycle?
enzima

A

ÿ The glucose-alanine cycle serves to transport toxic ammonia from the muscle to the liver.
piruvato->alanina->piruvato-> glucosa-> iruvato

alanine aminotransferase

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7
Q

What is the function of glutamate dehydrogenase? (+ reaction)

A

+ ÿ Glutamate is converted by glutamate dehydrogenase to ÿ-ketoglutarate and NH4

It is important for the fixation or release of ammonium (NH4+ ), which is later bound to urea in the urea cycle in order to be excreted

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8
Q

General reaction of aminotransferases? Which coenzyme? Example

A

alanina+ alfaketoglutarato= piruvato+ glutamato

All aminotransferases have pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as a coenzyme, which is derived from pyridoxine (vitamin B6).

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9
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