Facial reconstruction

Question 1

What are the muscles of facial expression??

Answer 1

Frontalis
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris

Question 2

Muscles of mastication

Answer 2

Temporalis
masseter
buccinator
pterygoid muscles

Question 3

How many facial markers are there? and how are they used?

Answer 3

16

small wooden pegs are specific depths are glued

Question 4

What are the landmarks- 3Gs and L

?

Answer 4

glabella, gnathion, gonion

labrale inferious

Question 5

Osteometric landmarks M and N?

Answer 5

mentolabial sulcus 
menton 
mid nasal 
mid-philtrum 
Mid-ramus 
Nasion

Question 6

Osteometric landmarks? P, R, S, V, Z

Answer 6

progonion 
prosthion
rhinion 
subnasale 
vertex 
zygion

Question 7

Occipitofrontalis

Answer 7

Forehead, thin, some omit this muscle

Question 8

Temperalis

Answer 8

Fan shaped arising from the temporal fossa. Its fibres form a tendon and converge passing under zygomatic arch
Attachment-anterior coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible
Action- closes mouth and assist jaw to move side to side

Question 9

Buccinator

Answer 9

quadrilateral muscle forming cheeks. Lie between upper and lower molars
Action= puff out checks and help mastication by removing/ preventing food passing from outer surface of teeth during chewing

Question 10

Masseter

Answer 10

quadrangular muscle
arises from the zygomatic arch and inserts on the lateral ramus and angle of the mandible
Action= elevation of the mandible bruxism and jaw clenching
*strongest muscle in the body

Question 11

Mentalis

Answer 11

Small and conical
arise below the lower incisors and insertion is on the skin on the chin
Action= raises the lower lip to pout

Question 12

Depressor labii inferioris

Answer 12

Arising between the symphysis menti and mental foramen, bends with the orbicularis oris
Action= draws the lower lip downwards and laterally- contributes to the expression of irony

Question 13

Muscles of the mouth

Answer 13

Orbicularis oris
levator anguli oris
levator labii superioris
Depressor anguli Oris

Question 14

Orbicularis Oris

Answer 14

lips
two mobile muscles made of skin and mucosa
naso-labial fold divides the check and lips with the philtirum in the midline
they surround the lips and intermingles

Action= closure of the lips

Question 15

Levator anguli Oris

Answer 15

infraorbital foramen and downwards intermingling with the orbicularis oris and the skin of the corner of the mouth
Action= raises the angle of the mouth- corner of the lip upwards

Question 16

Levator Labii superioris

Answer 16

base of the orbit above the infraoribal foramen and inserts into the skin of the naso-labial fold
Action= raises and everts the upper lip forming the nasolabial furrow. Sad face

Question 17

Depressor Anguli Oris

Answer 17

oblique of the mandible and continues downwards with the platysma
Action= lowers the angle of the mouth, frown

Question 18

Muscles of the nose

Answer 18

Levator Labii superioris alaeque nasi
Zygomatic minor
Zygomatic major

Question 19

Levator Labii superioris alaeque nasi

Answer 19

Thin strip of muscles run down laterally from the nose

Action= dilates nostrils and raises the upper lip. Animals= snarling

Question 20

Zygomatic minor

Answer 20

Zygomatic bone and inserts into the skin of the naslabial groove
Action= elevates the upper lip. Disdain face

Question 21

Zygomatic major

Answer 21

Zygomatic arch to the angle of the mouth

Action= elevates the angle of the mouth. Laughing face

Question 22

Muscles of the Eyes

Answer 22

Orbicularis Oculi

Question 23

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 23

Oval shape and is formed by 2 parts- orbital and palpebral (thinner and paler part)
Action= open and close eyelid

Question 24

parotid gland

Answer 24

Salvary gland- triangle
lies below and in front of the ear
superficial part of the gland is located in from the auditory canal

Question 25

risorius

Answer 25

Arises in the parotid fascia and inserts in the angle of the mouth
Action= retracts the angle of the mouth - sardonic expression

Question 26

Nasalis

Answer 26

2 parts
Origin- maxilla
Insertion- The transverse part attaches to an aponeurosis across the dorsum of the nose.(bridge of nose) The alar portion of the muscle attaches to the alar cartilage of the nasal skeleton. (side)
Action- transverse compresses nase, alar= opens nase

Question 27

Procerus

Answer 27

Origin= nasal bone
inserting =lower medial forehead.
Action= wrinkles nose

Question 28

Depressor Septi Nasi

Answer 28

maxilla (above the medial incisor tooth) to the nasal septum

Action= pulls nose inferiorly

Question 29

Medial Pterygoid

Answer 29

superficial head= maxillary tuberosity and the pyramidal process of palatine bone.
The deep head= lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
Insertion= ramus of the mandible, near the angle of mandible.
Action= elevates mandible closing mouth

Question 30

Lateral Pterygoid

Answer 30

superior head originates from the greater wing of the sphenoid. The inferior head originates from the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid. The two heads converge into a tendon, which attaches to the neck of the mandible.
Action= protract mandible, push side to side

Question 31

What innervates the pterygoid muscles

Answer 31

Mandibular nerve (V3).