Facial muscles and vessels

Question 1

What are the muscles of the face?

Answer 1

1. Occipitofrontalis
2. Orbicularis Oculi (Orbital and Palpebral)
3. Nasalis
4. Levator Labii Superioris
5. Zygomaticus Minor
6. Zygomaticus Major
7. Risorius
8. Orbicularis Oris
9. Mentalis
10. Depressor Labii Inferioris
11. Depressor Anguli Oris
12. Platysma

Question 2

What is the action of the palpebral part of the Orbicularis Oculi?

Answer 2

The action of the palpebral part of the muscle is to produce the reflex or voluntary closure of the lids during blinking.

Question 3

What is the action of the orbital part of the Orbicularis Oculi?

Answer 3

Contraction of the orbital division produces the forcible closure of the lids that occurs in sneezing or in response to a painful stimulus.

Question 4

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 4

Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium

Question 5

Most superficial arteries of the face are derived from the ?

Answer 5

external carotid artery.

Question 6

Which artery supplies the majority of arterial blood supply to the face.?

Answer 6

facial artery

Question 7

Distal to the lateral nasal artery the terminal part of the facial artery is the ?

Answer 7

angular artery

Question 8

Which artery arises within the parotid gland and crosses face superficial to masseter?

Answer 8

Transverse facial artery

Question 9

Where is the danger area of the scalp?

Answer 9

loose connective tissue

Question 10

Cutaneous innervation to the face and anterosuperior aspect of scalp is provided primarily by what nerve?

Answer 10

Trigeminan Nerve (CN V)

Question 11

Motor innervation to the face is provided by what nerve?

Answer 11

CN V11 - Facial nerve

Question 12

What areas of the face and scalp are affected by Opthalmic nerve v1?

Answer 12

Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
Lacrimal
Infratrochlear
External Nasal

Question 13

What areas of the face and scalp are affected by Maxillary nerve v2?

Answer 13

Infra-orbital
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal

Question 14

What areas of the face and scalp are affected by Mandibular nerve v3?

Answer 14

Auricotemporal
Buccal
Mental

Question 15

Which arteries branch off from the facial artery?

Answer 15

Superior Labial
Inferior Labial
Angular
Lateral Nasal

Question 16

What is the arterial supply to the scalp?

Answer 16

Arterial supply to the scalp is from the external carotid artery through the occipital, posterior auricular, and superficial temporal arteries and from the internal carotid arteries through the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries.

Question 17

What are the branches of the carotid artery?

Answer 17

“Sally Ate Lots Of Fresh Produce March Through September”

Superior thyroid (1)Ascending pharyngeal (2)Lingual (3)Facial (4)
Occipital (5)Posterior auricular (6)Superficial temporal (7)Maxillary (8)

Question 18

What are the superficial veins of the face?

Answer 18

Supratrochlear (Med)
Supraorbital (Lat)
Angular Vein
facial
internal jugular
brachiocephalic

Question 19

What are the deep veins of the face?

Answer 19

Superior Ophthalmic
Inferior Ophthalmic
Cavernous Sinus
Pterygoid Venous Plexus
Deep facial
Facial
Internal jugular

Question 20

What is the danger triangle of the face?

Answer 20

Facial Vein makes clinically important connections with the Cavernous Sinus and the Pterygoid Venous Plexus
Facial vein has no valves
An infection of the face in the area drained by the facial vein may therefore spread to the cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus

Question 21

What is the lymphatic drainage of the face?

Answer 21

There are no lymph nodes in the scalp or face outside of the parotid/buccal region.

All lymph from the scalp, face, and neck drains into; submental, submandibular, parotid, mastoid, and occipital.

All lymphatic vessels form the head and neck drain directly or indirectly into the deep cervical lymph nodes, a chain of nodes located along the IJV in the neck.

Then passes to the jugular lymphatic trunk, which joins the thoracic duct on the left side and the IJV or brachiocephalic vein on the right side.

Question 22

What is the parotid gland?

Answer 22

Largest of the 3 paired salivary glands

Facial nerve (CN 7), exits through the stylomastoid foramen, passes through the gland

5 terminal branches of the facial nerve, which supply muscles of facial expression:

1. Temporal
2. Zygomatic
3. Buccal
4. Marginal Mandibular
5. Cervical

Anteroinferior to external auditory meatus
Wedged between ramus of mandible and mastoid and styloid processes
Apex is posterior to angle of mandible
Base is related to zygomatic arch
Parotid duct passes horizontally from anterior edge of gland to pierce buccinator and enter oral cavity opposite the 2nd maxillary molar tooth

Question 23

What are the submandibular glands?

Answer 23

Almond shaped
Smallest and deepest
Lies between the mandible and genioglossus
Both glands form a horseshoe shape around the lingual frenulum

Question 24

What is the submandibular gland?

Answer 24

Lies along the body of the mandible
Submandibular duct runs anteriorly
Empties into the floor of the mouth beside the base of the lingual frenulum

Question 25

What type of joint is the TMJ?

Answer 25

Temporomandibular Joint
Hinge Joint
Condyle of mandible articulates with articular tubercle of temporal bone and mandibular fossa

Articular capsule is loose
Thick part of capsule forms the intrinsic lateral (capsular) ligament
Stylomandibular ligament is a thickening in the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland
Sphenomandibular ligament
Articular disc divides TMJ into 2 separate superior and inferior compartments
Translation occurs in the superior compartment
Hinge movements occur in the inferior compartment

Question 26

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 26

Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid