Facial muscles and vessels Flashcards
What are the muscles of the face?
- Occipitofrontalis
- Orbicularis Oculi (Orbital and Palpebral)
- Nasalis
- Levator Labii Superioris
- Zygomaticus Minor
- Zygomaticus Major
- Risorius
- Orbicularis Oris
- Mentalis
- Depressor Labii Inferioris
- Depressor Anguli Oris
- Platysma
What is the action of the palpebral part of the Orbicularis Oculi?
The action of the palpebral part of the muscle is to produce the reflex or voluntary closure of the lids during blinking.
What is the action of the orbital part of the Orbicularis Oculi?
Contraction of the orbital division produces the forcible closure of the lids that occurs in sneezing or in response to a painful stimulus.
What are the layers of the scalp?
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
Most superficial arteries of the face are derived from the ?
external carotid artery.
Which artery supplies the majority of arterial blood supply to the face.?
facial artery
Distal to the lateral nasal artery the terminal part of the facial artery is the ?
angular artery
Which artery arises within the parotid gland and crosses face superficial to masseter?
Transverse facial artery
Where is the danger area of the scalp?
loose connective tissue
Cutaneous innervation to the face and anterosuperior aspect of scalp is provided primarily by what nerve?
Trigeminan Nerve (CN V)
Motor innervation to the face is provided by what nerve?
CN V11 - Facial nerve
What areas of the face and scalp are affected by Opthalmic nerve v1?
Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
Lacrimal
Infratrochlear
External Nasal
What areas of the face and scalp are affected by Maxillary nerve v2?
Infra-orbital
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal
What areas of the face and scalp are affected by Mandibular nerve v3?
Auricotemporal
Buccal
Mental
Which arteries branch off from the facial artery?
Superior Labial
Inferior Labial
Angular
Lateral Nasal
What is the arterial supply to the scalp?
Arterial supply to the scalp is from the external carotid artery through the occipital, posterior auricular, and superficial temporal arteries and from the internal carotid arteries through the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries.
What are the branches of the carotid artery?
“Sally Ate Lots Of Fresh Produce March Through September”
Superior thyroid (1)Ascending pharyngeal (2)Lingual (3)Facial (4)
Occipital (5)Posterior auricular (6)Superficial temporal (7)Maxillary (8)
What are the superficial veins of the face?
Supratrochlear (Med)
Supraorbital (Lat)
Angular Vein
facial
internal jugular
brachiocephalic
What are the deep veins of the face?
Superior Ophthalmic
Inferior Ophthalmic
Cavernous Sinus
Pterygoid Venous Plexus
Deep facial
Facial
Internal jugular
What is the danger triangle of the face?
Facial Vein makes clinically important connections with the Cavernous Sinus and the Pterygoid Venous Plexus
Facial vein has no valves
An infection of the face in the area drained by the facial vein may therefore spread to the cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus
What is the lymphatic drainage of the face?
There are no lymph nodes in the scalp or face outside of the parotid/buccal region.
All lymph from the scalp, face, and neck drains into; submental, submandibular, parotid, mastoid, and occipital.
All lymphatic vessels form the head and neck drain directly or indirectly into the deep cervical lymph nodes, a chain of nodes located along the IJV in the neck.
Then passes to the jugular lymphatic trunk, which joins the thoracic duct on the left side and the IJV or brachiocephalic vein on the right side.
What is the parotid gland?
Largest of the 3 paired salivary glands
Facial nerve (CN 7), exits through the stylomastoid foramen, passes through the gland
5 terminal branches of the facial nerve, which supply muscles of facial expression:
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal Mandibular
- Cervical
Anteroinferior to external auditory meatus
Wedged between ramus of mandible and mastoid and styloid processes
Apex is posterior to angle of mandible
Base is related to zygomatic arch
Parotid duct passes horizontally from anterior edge of gland to pierce buccinator and enter oral cavity opposite the 2nd maxillary molar tooth
What are the submandibular glands?
Almond shaped
Smallest and deepest
Lies between the mandible and genioglossus
Both glands form a horseshoe shape around the lingual frenulum
What is the submandibular gland?
Lies along the body of the mandible
Submandibular duct runs anteriorly
Empties into the floor of the mouth beside the base of the lingual frenulum
