Face, Scalp And Ear

Question 1

Layers of cranial meninges

Answer 1

Dura

Arachnoid

Pia

subarachnoid space is the space filled with CSF

Question 2

Layers of the scalp from superficial to deep

Answer 2

Skin

Connective tissue (dense)

Aponeurosis

Connective tissue (loose)

Pericardium/ periosteum

SCALP

Question 3

Trigeminal nerve (CNX) branches and functions

Answer 3

Ophthalmic V1 (supraorbital) 
- cutaneous = above the eyelids and forehead 

Maxilla V2 (infraorbital) 
- cutaneous = between upper lip and lower eyelids

Mandibular V3 (mental)

• cutaneous = chin and up along the lateral margin of the face (Beard area)
• Muscles: masseter, Temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoids

Question 4

Facial nerve (CN 7) functions and branches

Answer 4

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Marginal mandibular

Cervical

Posterior auricular

*Tiny, Zebras, Bite, My, Cheeks, Pretty awesome *

Question 5

Branches of V1 (ophthalmic nerve)

Answer 5

Supratrochlear

Supra-orbital

Infratrochlear

External nasal
Lacrimal

Sensation of V1 is the superior lid of the eye to the most superior-medial portion of the head

(Becomes the supraorbital nerve once it pops out of the supraorbital foramen)

Question 6

Branches of V2 (Maxillary nerve)

Answer 6

Zygomatic-temporal

Zygomaticofacial

Infra-orbital

Sensation of V2 is the inferior eyelid to the top of the mouth to the side of the head

(Becomes infraorbital once it pops out of the infraorbital foramen)

Question 7

Branches of V3 (Mandibular nerve)

Answer 7

Auriculotemporal

Buccal

Mental

Sensation is to the “beard strip”

(Becomes mental once it pops out of the mental foramen)

Question 8

Ansa cervicalis

Answer 8

Cervical plexus between C1-C3 that lies superficial to the internal jugular vein in the carotid triangle

Innervated the infrahyoid muscles and provides sensation to the back of the scalp/head

Question 9

What else other than the sensory of the face does trigeminal innervated?

Answer 9

Motor to the muscles of mastication

• temporalis
• medial/lateral pterygoids
• masseter

Via V3 mandibular branch/ mental branch

Question 10

Facial nerve

Answer 10

Facial expression muscles

Possess the following branches

• temporal
• zygomatic
• buccal
• marginal mandibular
• cervical
• posterior auricular
• Tiny Zebras Bite My Cheeks Pretty Awesome*
• also the parotid plexus where all of these branches become individual*

Question 11

Parotid gland

Answer 11

Innervated by (glossopharyngeal) CN 9 with the CN7 nerve passing underneath it

Question 12

What is the middle and inner ear innervated by respectively?

Answer 12

Middle ear = CN 9 (hypoglossal)

Inner ear = CN 8

Question 13

Ceramin

Answer 13

Earwax

Question 14

External ear innervation

Answer 14

Posterior half = C2-C3
- greater auricular and lesser occipital nerves

Anterior half = V3 nerve via auriculotemporal branch

Middle portion = Vagus nerve (CN X)

Random blue dots = Facial Nerve (CN 7)

Question 15

Swimmers ear (Ottis externa)

Answer 15

Infections of the external acoustic meatus
- cone of light will be reflected from the second portion to the 4th portion

Usually caused by infection of styloid air cells

Question 16

Why is harder to get rid of an infection in the mastoid ear cells compared to any other sinus?

Answer 16

Both the carotid and jugular run through the mastoid portion of the temporal bone as well as the internal ear.

Question 17

Stapedius and tensor tympani function to do what?

Answer 17

Prevent over stimulus of the ear in the presence of loud sounds

Tensor tympani also stops you from hearing yourself chew

Question 18

Vestibule

Answer 18

The big open area after the tympanic membrane where it separates into semicircular ducts and the cochlea

Contains saccule and utricle

Question 19

Internal acoustic meatus nerves

Answer 19

Facial nerve (CN7)

Vestibularchochlear nerve (CN 8)

(CN 9)

• tympanic plexus and sensation of the middle ear
• also possess the lesser petrosal nerve