Cranial Nerves Flashcards
How are cranial nerves ordered
Anterior - posterior
CN1 = most anterior
CN 12 = most Posterior
Basic rules for parasympathetics
Pre-synaptic exits the brain via 3, 7, 9 and 10 CNs
Pre-synaptic synapse onto parasympathetic ganglia in the ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular and otic regions
Post synaptic then jump on branches of CN 5 and travel to target
- functions are to constrict pupil and accommodation of the lens, increase lacrimal, salivary glands and mucus membrane productions*
Basic rules for sympathetics
Presynaptic = T1-T3 -> the sympathetic chain
- synapse onto the superior cervical ganglion (takes all head sympathetic)
Postsynaptic follow internal carotid branches or jump onto CN5 to get to target
Functions = vasomotor of blood vessels, erector pili and sweat glands
Dilate the pupil/hold eyelid open
Decrease production of saliva in lacrimal/salivary glands and mucus membranes.
CN1 Olfactory nerve
Sensory of smell
Passes through the cribriform plate
CN 2 optic nerve
Special sensory of vision
Passes through the optic canal
CN 3 oculomotor nerve
Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions of eyes
- passes through common tendinous ring
Acts on all the eye muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus
CN 4 the trochlear nerve
Only acts to move the superior oblique muscle
CN 6 Abducens nerve
Only acts on the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
- abducts the eye
CN5 trigeminal nerve
Acts on muscles of mastication
And sensory on the face, sinuses, nasopharynx and oral cavity
Also acts to carry postsynaptic autonomic to their locations
V1 ophthalmic nerve
Sensory to forehead above eyelid, orbit, internal nose and 3 sinuses
- frontal
- sphenoid
- ethmoid bone
Carries autonomic to the lacrimal glands, eyes and mucus membranes
V2 maxillary nerve
Sensory to the face between lower eyelid and upper lip, nasopharynx and upper palate, maxillary and the ethmoid sinus
Carries autonomic to the lacrimal gland and mucus membranes
V3 mandibular nerve
Sensory to the face below the mouth and up around the side burns, including the anterior 2/3 of tongue and cheeks
- controls muscles of mastication
Carries autonomic to salivary glands and mucus membranes
CN 7 facial nerve
Motor, taste and parasympathetics
CN 8 vestibulocochlear nerve
Special sensory of hearing and position/balance
CN8 glossopharyngeal nerve
Taste and sensation to the posterior 1/3 tongue and the carotid sinus functions
- controls stylopharyngeus muscle
Comes out of Jugular foramen
