Face Masks and the Cardiorespiratory Response to Physical Activity in Health and Disease Flashcards
What was the Rationale for the Study on Face Masks and Physical Activity?
- COVID-19 infects millions
- Mask mandates in effect
- Masks during indoor exercise were not enforced due to possible negative effects
What were the purported reasons for not wearing a mask?
- Increased dyspnea
- Increased work of breathing
- Alterations in pulmonary gas exchange
- Reduced ventilation
- Rebreathing of exhaled carbon dioxide
What is the work of breathing during rest of a healthy adult? What happens during high intensity exercise?
At Rest
- 1-3% of whole body oxygen consumption
HI Exercise
- 20-30x the work
What happened when a Respirator was used during 1hr of exercise?
- HR increased +5beats/min
- Respiratory rate +1-2breath/min
- CO2 +1mmHg
- No change in SaO2
What is the conclusion of the study on masks during exercise?
- Pulmonary and Heart Rate responses are relatively small and easily tolerated by healthy adult during light-moderate exercise
What was the purpose of the study of placebo and nocebo of dyspnea for mask breathing?
- Could placebo and nocebo effect alter RPE and dyspnea of patients
- Could patients change breathing patterns based on perception of own breathing
What were the participants in the Placebo/Nocebo Study?
N=30
- Healthy individuals
- Age Range: 19-44
What happened during the first visit of the P/N study?
- Pulmonary Function Testing
- Incremental Cycling Test to Max
What happened at the second visit of the P/N study?
Work Rate = 60% max
- Five, 5min cycling bouts (told breathing different O2%)
What is the Priming Effect?
- Exposure that influence the behaviour of a subject later on, without that individual being aware that their behaviour is being guided to a certain extent
What were the Findings of the P/N study?
- Subjects perception of breathing effort changed with perception of different oxygen concentration (not leg effort)
- Dyspnea changed in dose-response
- No difference in breathing pattern based on perceived own breathing efforts
What reasoning does the study on P/N give for their conclusion? what is their conclusion?
Reasoning
- Treatments that improve dyspnea rating by 1-unit represent clinically meaningful change (Witek & Mahler, 2003)
Conclusion
- Clinicians and scientist should be careful when interpreting dysnpea and RPE ratings