Face Masks and the Cardiorespiratory Response to Physical Activity in Health and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Rationale for the Study on Face Masks and Physical Activity?

A
  • COVID-19 infects millions
  • Mask mandates in effect
  • Masks during indoor exercise were not enforced due to possible negative effects
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2
Q

What were the purported reasons for not wearing a mask?

A
  • Increased dyspnea
  • Increased work of breathing
  • Alterations in pulmonary gas exchange
  • Reduced ventilation
  • Rebreathing of exhaled carbon dioxide
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3
Q

What is the work of breathing during rest of a healthy adult? What happens during high intensity exercise?

A

At Rest
- 1-3% of whole body oxygen consumption
HI Exercise
- 20-30x the work

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4
Q

What happened when a Respirator was used during 1hr of exercise?

A
  • HR increased +5beats/min
  • Respiratory rate +1-2breath/min
  • CO2 +1mmHg
  • No change in SaO2
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5
Q

What is the conclusion of the study on masks during exercise?

A
  • Pulmonary and Heart Rate responses are relatively small and easily tolerated by healthy adult during light-moderate exercise
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6
Q

What was the purpose of the study of placebo and nocebo of dyspnea for mask breathing?

A
  • Could placebo and nocebo effect alter RPE and dyspnea of patients
  • Could patients change breathing patterns based on perception of own breathing
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7
Q

What were the participants in the Placebo/Nocebo Study?

A

N=30
- Healthy individuals
- Age Range: 19-44

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8
Q

What happened during the first visit of the P/N study?

A
  • Pulmonary Function Testing
  • Incremental Cycling Test to Max
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9
Q

What happened at the second visit of the P/N study?

A

Work Rate = 60% max
- Five, 5min cycling bouts (told breathing different O2%)

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10
Q

What is the Priming Effect?

A
  • Exposure that influence the behaviour of a subject later on, without that individual being aware that their behaviour is being guided to a certain extent
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11
Q

What were the Findings of the P/N study?

A
  • Subjects perception of breathing effort changed with perception of different oxygen concentration (not leg effort)
  • Dyspnea changed in dose-response
  • No difference in breathing pattern based on perceived own breathing efforts
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12
Q

What reasoning does the study on P/N give for their conclusion? what is their conclusion?

A

Reasoning
- Treatments that improve dyspnea rating by 1-unit represent clinically meaningful change (Witek & Mahler, 2003)
Conclusion
- Clinicians and scientist should be careful when interpreting dysnpea and RPE ratings

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