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Gross Anatomy > face > Flashcards

face Flashcards

1
Q

features of the parotid gland

A

salivary gland - serous acini only
CT capsule and dense fibrous capsule - becomes stylomandibular ligament
single duct below zygomatic arch

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2
Q

route of the parotid duct

A

pierces buccal fat pad and buccinator to enter oral cavity
oblique passage that is palpable when masseter is tense
opens at upper second molar

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3
Q

branches of the facial nerve (supply muscles of facial expression) (superior to inferior)

A 
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular 
cervical
posterior auricular
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4
Q

vessels passing behind the parotid gland (artery vein and nerve) (posterior to anterior) (9)

A

accessory nerve
vagus nerve
hypoglossal nerve
lingual nerve

internal carotid artery
external carotid artery
facial artery

external jugular vein *beside
internal jugular vein

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5
Q 
vessels surrounding the parotid gland:
piercing posteriorly
piercing superiorly
piercing anteriorly
anterior and inferior
A

posterior auricular vessels
superficial temporal vessels and auriculotemporal nerve
transverse facial artery
facial vessels

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6
Q

branches of the external carotid artery that appear near the parotid gland

A

superficial temporal

maxillary

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7
Q

what vein is formed through the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins

A

retromandibular vein

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8
Q

what nerve divides the parotid gland into deep and superficial parts

A

facial nerve

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9
Q

where does the nerve supply of the parotid gland originate and pass
type of innervation

A 
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
through jugular foramen -> some to ear as tympanic branch -> middle ear as tympanic plexus -> leaves as lesser petrosal -> passes through foramen ovale to form otic ganglion -> merge with auriculotemporal

parasympathetic secretomotor supply

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10
Q

name muscles of mastication (4)

and origin of innervation

A

temporalis
masseter
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

anterior division of mandibular division of trigeminal (CN V3)
*medial pterygoid - main trunk of mandibular division

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11
Q

attachment of temporalis

A

temporal fossa and fascia to coronoid process and anterior border ramps of mandible

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12
Q

action of temporalis

nerve branch

A

anterior and superior fibres elevate mandible
posterior fibres retract mandible

deep temporal nerves (x2)

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13
Q

attachment of masseter

A

zygomatic arch to lateral rams of mandible

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14
Q

masseter action

nerve branch

A

elevate mandible

masseteric nerve

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15
Q

attachment of lateral pterygoid:
upper head
lower head

A

upper head - infra temporal surface of great wing of sphenoid to neck of mandible and articular disc
lower head - lateral pterygoid plate (lateral side) to neck of mandible and articular disc

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16
Q

action of lateral pterygoid

nerve branch

A

pull neck of mandible forward with articular disc - protrusion
lateral chewing movements with medial pterygoid

nerve to lateral pterygoid

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17
Q

attachment of medial pterygoid:
superficial head
deep head

A

superficial head - tubercle of maxilla to medial surface of angle of mandible
deep head - medial surface of lateral pterygoid to medial surface of angle of mandible

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18
Q

action of medial pterygoid

nerve branch

A

assist in elevation

nerve to medial pterygoid
*straight from main trunk of mandibular division

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19
Q

movements of mandible/muscles of mastication (5)

A

movements are of head of mandible and articular disc:
elevation - both backward and head rotates on undersurface of disc
depression - head rotates on under surface of disc - mandible forward
protrusion - both forward
retrusion - both backward into mandibular fossa
lateral chewing = protrusion + retrusion

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20
Q

branches of the mandibular division of trigeminal (CN V3) (superior to inferior)

A

sensory and motor

meningeal
through foramen ovale - medial pterygoid

anterior division
motor - masseteric nerve, nerve to lateral pterygoid, 2x deep temporal
sensory - buccal

posterior division:
sensory - auriculotemporal, lingual
motor+sensory - inferior alveolar, mylohyoid

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21
Q

what does the buccal nerve (from anterior division of CN V3)

A

skin of cheek and mucous membrane of mouth

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22
Q

what does auriculotemporal nerve supply (from posterior division of CN V3) (5)

A

scalp, auricle, tympanic membrane, TMJ, external auditory meatus

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23
Q

what does lingual nerve supply (from posterior division of CN V3)

A

mucous membrane floor of mouth and anterior 2/3 tongue

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24
Q

what does the inferior alveolar nerve supply (from posterior division of CN V3)

A

lower teeth and skin

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25
Q

what does the mylohyoid nerve supply (from posterior division of CN V3)

A

mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric

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26
Q

what doe the CN V3 act as a carrier for

A

part of medial pterygoid passes through otic ganglion to give tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani

auriculotemporal nerve carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibres (CN IX) from otic ganglion to parotid

lingual nerve joined by chorda tympani (parasympathetic fibres from facial to submandibular ganglion and sublingual glands

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27
Q

what does chorda tympani take parasympathetic information from

A

taste fibres from anterior 2/3 tongue

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28
Q

branches of the external carotid artery (posterior to anterior around top of head)

A 
occipital
posterior auricular
superficial temporal (terminal)
maxillary (terminal)
facial
lingual
superior thyroid
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29
Q

lymph nodes of the face (posterior to anterior - neck to chin)

A 
deep cervical
superficial cervical
occipital
parotid
submandibular 
submental
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30
Q 
boundaries of the infra temporal fossa
anterior
posterior
superior 
medial
lateral
A 
anterior - posterior surface of maxilla
posterior - styloid process
superior - infra temporal surface of great wing of sphenoid
medial - lateral pterygoid plate
lateral - ramus of mandible
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31
Q

space behind the infra temporal fossa

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

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32
Q

content of the infra temporal fossa (7)

A 
lateral and medial pterygoid
mandibular division of the trigeminal and branches
maxillary artery and branches
pterygoid venous plexus
chorda tympani
otic ganglion
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33
Q

branches of the maxillary artery (posterior to anterior around the top of the head)

A 
deep auricular and anterior tympanic
middle meningeal
deep temporal
infraorbital
posterior superior alveolar
buccal
inferior alveolar
mylohyoid
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34
Q

what 3 parts can the meningeal branches be split into

A

mandibular
pterygoid
pterygopalatine

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35
Q

what are the pterygopalatine branches

A 
posterior superior alveloar
infraorbital
anterior superior alveolar 
palatine
pharyngeal
sphenopalatine
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36
Q

what does the posterior superior alveolar branch supply

A

upper molar and premolar

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37
Q

what does the infraorbital branch supply

A

canal in floor of orbit, foramen

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38
Q

what does the anterior superior alveolar branch supply

A

upper incisor and canine

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39
Q

what surrounds the lateral pterygoid

A

pterygoid venous plexus

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40
Q

what does the pterygoid plexus communicate with

A

cavernous sinus and facial vein (drains areas maxillary artery supplies)

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41
Q

what is the pterygoid plexus drained by

A

maxillary vein (route for infection)

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42
Q

what nerves pass through the otic ganglion

A

lesser petrosal nerve (CN IX)
postganglionic sympathetic fibres
nerve to tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini (CN V3)

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43
Q

what type of joint is the temporomandibular joint

A

synovial joint

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44
Q

where is the temporomandibular joint between

A

head of mandible and mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle on squamous of temporal bone

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45
Q

what are the articular surfaces composed of

A

fibrocartilage (membranous ossification)

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46
Q

what surrounds the temporomandibular joint

A

fibrous capsule

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47
Q

what nerves supply the temporomandibular joint

A

auriculotemporal and massetric

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48
Q

what ligaments reinforce the temporomandibular joint

A 
temporomandibular ligament (lateral)
stylomandibular ligament (medial)
sphenomandibular joint (medial)
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49
Q

what muscle attached to the articular disc and capsule of the temporomandibular joint

A

lateral pterygoid

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50
Q

what is the cavity of the temporomandibular disc divided by

A

fibrous articular disc

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51
Q

what is the purpose of the fibrous articular disc of the TMJ

A

increase congruity of articular surfaces

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52
Q

when the head of mandible and disc are together what is the action at the TMJ

A

elevation and depression (hinge)

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53
Q

what is against the articular disc of the TMJ during protrusion and retraction

A

mandibular fossa and articular process

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54
Q

what two movements are required at the TMJ to close the mouth

A

elevation and retraction pull condyle backwards

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55
Q

what movements are required at the TMJ to open the mouth

A

depression and protrusion lslide disc and condyle forward towards tubercle

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56
Q

what causes chewing at the TMJ

A

asynchronous gliding

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57
Q

features of the fascia of the face

A

superficial fascia and fat covers the whole face
fascia of the scalp blends with the fascia of the neck posteriorly and temporalis laterally
deep cervical fascia covers the parotid gland and masseter muscle

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58
Q

muscles of facial expression (13)

A 
frontalis
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
platysma
zygomaticus minor
zygomaticus major
buccinator
depressor anguli oris
depressor labii inferrioris
levator labii superioris 
levator anguli superioris 
mentalis
nasalis
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59
Q

what muscles of facial expression are innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve

A

frontalis

orbicularis oculi

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60
Q

what muscles of facial expression are innervated by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve

A

orbicularis oculi

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61
Q

what muscles of facial expression are innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve

A 
zygomaticus major 
zygomaticus minor
levator labii superioris 
levator anguli oris
buccinator
orbicularis oris
nasalis
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62
Q

what muscles of facial expression are innervated by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve

A

depressor anguli oris
depressor labii oris
mentalis

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63
Q

what muscles of facial expression are innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve

A

platysma

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64
Q

what muscles of facial expression are innervated by the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve

A

occipitalis
stylohyoid
posterior belly of digastric

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65
Q

arteries of the face

A

branches of external carotid artery:
facial
transverse facial
superficial temporal

branches of internal carotid:
supraorbital
supratrochlear

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66
Q

branches of the facial artery

A

submental
superior and inferior labial
lateral nasal

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67
Q

venous drainage of the face

A 
supratrochlear
supraorbital
superficial temporal
transverse facial
facial

all drain into internal jugular

68
Q

layers of the scalp

A 
skin
connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose areolar connective tissue
periosteum
69
Q

blood supply to scalp

A

internal carotid:
supratrochlear
supraorbital

external carotid:
superficial temporal
posterior auricular
occipital

70
Q

what forms communications between superficial veins of the scalp and the dural venous sinus

A

emissary veins

71
Q

what layer are the superficial veins of the scalp found in

A

connective tissue layer

72
Q

nerve supply to the scalp and origin (7)

A 
supratrochlear nerve (CN V1)
supraorbital nerve (CN V1)
zygomaticotemporal (CN V2)
auriculotemporal (CN V3)
lesser occipital (C2)
greater occipital (C2)
third occipital (C3)
73
Q

Divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A

CN V1 - opthalmic
CN V2 - maxillary
CN V3 - mandibular

74
Q

branches of CN V1

A

frontal

nasociliary

75
Q

branches of CN V2

A

infraorbital

superior alveolar

76
Q

branches of CN V3

A

lingual
inferior alveolar
auriculotemporal

77
Q

bones involved in forming the orbit

A 
sphenoid - lesser and greater wing 
frontal
zygoma
ethmoid
maxilla
lacrimal
78
Q

canals and ducts found in orbit

A

superior orbital fissure
optic canal
naso-lacrimal duct

79
Q

content of the orbit

A

eyeball
fat and CT
extraocular muscles
nerves and blood vessels

80
Q

what are the tarsal plates

A

dense CT that supports eyelid and glands

81
Q

ligaments of the eyeball

A

medial and lateral check ligaments attach to medial and lateral rectus muscles
suspensory ligament attach to inferior oblique and medial, lateral and inferior rectus muscles

82
Q

action of the suspensory ligaments

A

check ligaments restrict medial and lateral recti

suspensory ligaments support eyeball

83
Q

composition of the eyeball

A

sclera and cornea - fibrous layer (outer coat)
choroid, ciliary body and iris - vascular layer (middle coat)
retina (inner coat)

84
Q

properties of the retina

A

rods and cones
optic disc - optic nerve head - blind spot
fovea - maximum image resolution - just cones (macula lutea)

85
Q

cycle of the aqueous humor

A

produced by ciliary body

drains into schlemm’s canal at corneo-scleral junction

86
Q

where is the aqueous humor located and its function

A

anterior to lens

maintains intra-ocular pressure

87
Q

what is the vitreous humor, where is it found and what does it do

A

transparent jelly
posterior to lens
supports retina

88
Q

intrinsic muscles of the eye, general role and innervation

A

dilator pupillae
sphincter pupillae
change the shape of the lens for accommodation
oculomotor nerve

89
Q

action of the dilator papillae muscle and type of innervation

A

radial muscle - increases the diameter of the pupil

sympathetic, carried on blood vessels

90
Q

action of the sphincter pupillae muscle and type of innervation

A

constrictor muscle - decreases the diameter of pupil

parasympathetic

91
Q

extraocular muscles of the eye (7)

A 
levator palpebrae superioris
superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
lateral rectus
superior oblique
inferior oblique
92
Q

attachment of extraocular muscles of eye

A

levator palpebrae superioris - orbital roof to upper eyelid
recti - annular ring to sclera (anterior to equator)
superior oblique - lesser wing of sphenoid to sclera (posterior to equator)
inferior oblique - orbital floor to sclera (posterior to equator)

93
Q

why do the axis of orbit and optical axis differ

A

allows eye to move in more than one direction

94
Q 
action an innervation of:
levator palpebrae superioris
superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
lateral rectus
superior oblique
inferior oblique
A

raise upper eyelid - oculomotor (CN III)
elevation, adduction, intorsion - oculomotor (CN III)
depression, adduction, extorsion - oculomotor (CN III)
adduction - oculomotor (CN III)
abduction - abducent (CN VI)
intorsion, depression, abduction - trochlear (CN IV)
extorsion, elevation, abduction - oculomotor (CN III)

RADSIN
LR6SO4

95
Q

what cranial nerves innervate the orbit

A

CN II
CN III - inferior division forms a ciliary body that has both long ciliary and short ciliary nerve
CN IV
CN V1 - lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary stem of this
CN VI

96
Q

branches of the frontal nerve (from CN V1)

A

frontal divides into supraorbital and supratrochlear pass over the eye and exit through the supra orbital notch

97
Q

blood supply to the orbit

A 
internal carotid artery - ophthalmic - branches:
lacrimal
 - zygomaticotemporal
 - zygomaticofacial
long ciliary links lacrimal back to ophthalmic 
central artery of retina
ethmoidal
supratrochlear
supraorbital
98
Q

venous drainage of the orbit

A

facial vein:
superior ophthalmic drains to cavernous sinus
infraorbital drains to ptergoid plexus
inferior ophthalmic between both drainage points
facial vein continues as angular vein then supraorbital vein

99
Q

what does the lacrimal apparatus of the orbit produce and what is it innervated by

A

tears

secretomotor fibres from facial (CN VII) carried in trigeminal (CN V1)

100
Q

describe the components of the lacrimal apparatus

A

lacrimal gland - punctum (at tear ducts) - cannaliculi (channel from punctum) - lacrimal sac - drains to nasolacrimal duct - into inferior meatus

101
Q

root of the facial (CN VII) nerve towards the orbit

A

joins greater petrosal
nerve of pterygoid canal
branches to lacrimal

sympathetic fibres join as deep petrosal at nerve od pterygoid canal

CN V1 forms pterygoppalatine ganglion which joins at level of nerve of pterygoid canal

102
Q

what are the external muscles of the nose (outermost to innermost) and innervation

A

naris
levator labii superioris
alaeque nasi
nasalis

facial nerve (CN VII)

103
Q

cartilage of the nose

A 
minor alar cartilage
septal cartilage
major alar cartilage
lateral process of septal cartilage
superior margin of septal cartilage
104
Q

blood supply to the medial and lateral walls of the nose and origin

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal (ophthalmic artery)
sphenopalatine and greater palatine (maxillary artery)
septal branch of the superior labial and lateral nasal (facial artery)

105
Q

nerve supply to the external nose

A

CN V1 - infratrochlear and external nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal
alae (nasal branches of the infraorbital)

106
Q

bones forming the nose

A

nasal
vomer
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

107
Q

bones of the nasal cavity (anterior and superior - posterior and inferior)

A

frontal
nasal
maxilla

ethmoid
 - cribriform plate
 - superior concha
 - middle concha
inferior concha
maxilla

palatine

sphenoid

108
Q

name of area at opening of nose

A

vestibule

109
Q

area at back of nasal cavity

A

nasopharynx and auditory tube

110
Q

area under nasal cavity

A

soft palate

111
Q

spaces between the conchae and purpose

A

meatus

warm, filter, turbulence

112
Q

the paranasal sinuses, innervation and their purpose

A

resonance and lighten skull

frontal - supra-orbital (CN V1)
sphenoidal - posterior ethmoidal (CN V1)
ethmoidal (anterior, middle and posterior) - nasociliary (CN V1)
maxillary - superior alveolar (CN V2)

113
Q

where do the paranasal sinus drain out into

A

frontal, anterior and middle ethmoidal and maxillary - middle meatus
- frontal follows ethmoidal infundibulum into semilunar hiatus….
- anterior and middle ethmoidal follow infundibulum and direct…
- maxillary follows maxillary osmium into semilunar hiatus…
posterior ethmoidal (form ethmoidal bulla - air cells) - superior meatus
sphenoidal - sphenoethmoidal recess

114
Q

blood supply to the nasal cavity

A

internal carotid:
ophthalmic - posterior and anterior ethmoidal

external carotid:
maxillary - sphenopalatine and greater palatine
descending palatine

inside nose - kiesselbach’s area

*also contributions from facial

115
Q

nerves of the nasal cavity

A

anterior ethmoidal (branch of nasociliary (CN VI)
nerves from the olfactory bulb
nasal branches of CN V2
posterior superior lateral nasal and inferior lateral nasal branches of the greater palatine nerve

medial
nasopalatine of CN V2

116
Q

veins draining the nasal cavity

A

under nose:
to facial vein

behind frontal nasal sinus:
vein in foramen caecum

either side of olfactory bulb:
to cavernous sinus

under the sphenoid nasal sinus:
to pterygoid plexus

117
Q

foramen and canals of the nasal cavity

A 
foramen caecum
cribiform plate
sphenopalatine foramina on lateral wall
incisive canal
naris
118
Q

features of the oral cavity

A 
frenulum 
hard palate 
soft palate
palatoglossal arch
uvula
palatopharyngeal arch
palatine tonsil
119
Q

muscles forming boundaries around the oral cavity

A

anterior digastric below mylohyoid
floor - mylohyoid - diaphragm in floor of the mouth
geniohyoid attach to inferior geniotubercles
genioglossus attach to superior geniotubercles
lateral walls - buccinator

120
Q

suprahyoid muscles contributing to oral cavity and collective job

A

elevate the hyoid bone

stylohyoid (facial (CN VII)
posterior belly of digastric (facial (CN VII) - depress mandible
mylohyoid (mandibular division of the trigeminal CN V3) - and oral floor / depress mandible
geniohyoid (C1 in hypoglossal)

121
Q

salivary glands around the oral cavity

A 
submandibular gland (CN VII) - duct towards frenulum and sits above the hypoglossus and mylohyoid
sublingual gland (CN VII) (floor of mouth)
parotid gland (CN IX)
122
Q

root of lingual nerve

A

chorda tympani joins in lateral wall of mouth giving sensory fibres to submandibular gland and sublingual gland
hypoglossal nerve and lingual artery run just below
glossopharyngeal nerve passes behind hypoglossus

123
Q

what do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do and innervation

A

change shape of the tongue
fibres in different orientations

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

124
Q

posterior to the tongue

A

epiglottis and vallecula

125
Q

sections of the tongue and innervation

A

posterior 1/3 - lingual tonsils, separated from anterior 2/3 by sulcus terminals
glossopharyngeal CN IX

anterior 2/3 - circumvallate papilla, filiform papilla and fungiform papilla
facial CN VII - taste
trigeminal CN V3 - sensory

126
Q

lymph drainage of the tongue

A

posterior tongue and middle tongue - deep cervical nodes
lateral tongue - submandibular nodes
tip of tongue - submental nodes

127
Q

the extrinsic muscles of the tongue, innervation, role and blood supply

A

change position of tongue - speech

palatoglossal - elevate tongue / move soft palate
styloglossus - elevate and retract tongue
hypoglussus - depress tongue
genioglossus - depress tongue and protrude

all hypoglossal CN XII except palatoglossus - vagus nerve CN X

facial and lingual artery

128
Q

features of the hard palate

A

incisive papilla and palatine rugae

129
Q

sections of the hard palate and blood and nerve supply

A

nasopalatine - nasopalatine nerve through incisive foramen
greater palatine - greater palatine nerve and artery through greater palatine foramen
lesser palatine - lesser palatine nerve and artery through the lesser palatine foramen

lingual and division of the ascending pharyngeal behind the lesser palatine

blood supply are branches of the maxillary

anterior the teeth:
anterior 2/3 - labial and alveolar branches of the infraorbital nerve
posterior - buccal

sensory - CN V2

130
Q

soft palate and surrounding muscles / structures and innervation

A

palatoglossus + tonsil joined to palatopharyngeus which joins soft palate
tensor palate and levator palate extend from either side of the auditory tube (salpingopharyngeus extends between the two from the auditory tube)

sensory - CN IX

131
Q

nerves at the auditory tube

A

CN V2 ganglion + CN VII + sympathetics - branch to join pterygopalatine ganglion

132
Q

venous drainage of the palate

A

inferior alveolar
posterior superior alveolar
anterior superior alveolar

all drain into the pterygoid plexus which drains into the maxillary vein then internal jugular vein

133
Q

nerve innervation to the palate

A

ganglion - CN V2 and CN V3 branches:

CN V2:

  • posterior superior alveolar
  • infraorbital
  • superior alveolar plexus
  • middle superior alveolar
  • anterior alveolar

CN V3:
- inferior alveolar - incisive and mental

134
Q

what is the external division of the ear composed of

A

auricle
external auditory meatus
external surface of the tympanic membrane

135
Q

what is the middle division of the ear composed of

A

internal surface of the tympanic membrane
tympanic cavity
ossicles - malleus, incus and stapes
pharyngotympanic tube

136
Q

what is the internal division of the ear composed of

A 
auditory apparatus 
vestibular apparatus
internal auditory meatus
wextibulococchlear nerve (CN III)
oval window
round window
137
Q

relations surrounding the middle ear cavity (musculature bony and vessels)

A 
tensor tympani
mastoid antrum
mastoid air cells
internal carotid artery
internal jugular vein
facial nerve -> chorda tympani
138
Q

what are the different parts of the auricle called, what is it composed of and where to does lymph drain

A 
helix
antihelix
tragus
antitragus
pinna

elastic cartilage and muscles of facial expression (vestigial)

lymph to parotid and cervical nodes

139
Q

bloody supply and nerve innervation to the auricle

A 
external carotid:
 - posterior auricular
 - anterior auricular
 - superficial temporal
all form perforating branches

superior anterior 1/4 - auriculottemporal nerve (CN V3)
middle 1/4 - CN IX and CN X
remainder - CN VII
pinna of ear - lesser occipital and great auricular nerve (from cervical plexus)

140
Q

external auditory meatus composition, blood and nerve supply

A

lateral 1/3 - elastic cartilage, hair follicles, set and sebaceous glands
medial 2/3 - bone lined by stratified squamous epithelium

external carotid artery - auricular branches

auricotemporal from CN V3
auricular branches form CN VII and CN X

141
Q

structures surrounding the tympanic membrane and its composition

A

chorda tympani crosses inner surface
malleus attached to inner surface

stratified squamous epithelium and inner mucous membrane

142
Q

nerve supply to outer and inner surface of the tympanic membrane

A

outer surface - auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3) and auricular branch of vagus (CN X)

inner surface - tympanic branches of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

143
Q

what type of joints present between the ossicles

A

plane synovial joints

144
Q

what opening is posterior to the ossicles

A

adieus to mastoid antrum

145
Q

nerves passing through the tympanic cavity

A

CN VII goes behind through the facial canal (prominence)

lesser petrosal enters and tympanic nerve and they form the tympanic plexus over the promontory (bulge of bone)

146
Q

canals passing through the tympanic cavity

A

lateral semicircular and facial nerve canal

147
Q

muscles within the tympanic cavity

A

tensor tympani

stapedius

148
Q

attachments, nerve innervation and action of the tensor tympani

A

wall of auditory tube o handle of malleus
CN V3
tense tympanic membrane

149
Q

attachments, nerve innervation and action of the stapedius

A

pyramid of the ear to neck of the stapes
CN VII
pull footplate of the stapes laterally

150
Q

sensory supply to the tympanic cavity

A

CN IX

151
Q

blood supply to the tympanic cavity

A

tympanic branches of:
posterior auricular
ascending pharyngeal
maxillary

carticotympanic branch from internal carotid

152
Q

root of the facial nerve through bone of tympanic cavity

A

enters through stylomastoid foramen (along with stylomastoid artery) - gives chorda tympani branch (which enters tympanic cavity through petrotympanic fissure) - forms geniculate ganglion - gives greater petrosal branch (which forms internal carotid plexus and exits through hiatus to be joined by deep petrosal branch and form nerve of pterygoid canal) - facial nerve exits through internal auditory meatus

153
Q

root of the chorda tympani

A

branches off the facial nerve to cross the medial surface of the tympanic membrane and handle of meatus - runs alongside the anterior tympanic artery - lives tympanic cavity via petrotympanic fissure - joins the lingual nerve

154
Q

type of innervation and what does the chorda tympani supply

A

parasympathetic
sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

taste for anterior 2/3 tongue

155
Q

route and lining of the auditory tube

A

connects nasopharynx with tympanic cavity
lateral (1.2cm) - bony canal lined mucosa
medial (2.5cm) - cartilaginous and membranous tube

156
Q

purpose of the auditory tube

A

closed but when tensor veli palatini contracts (swallow / yawn) lumen opens
equalises pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane

157
Q

innervation of the auditory tube

A

sensory - CN IX

158
Q

content of the inner ear

A

semicircular canals
utricle
saccule
cochlea - scali vestibuli, cochlear duct, scala tympani, helicatrima

159
Q

what supplies the cochlear and vestibular apparatus

A

CN VIII (vestibulococchlear nerve) through internal auditory canal
cochlear - cochlea (become modiolus)
vestibular - vetibule

160
Q

labyrinths of the inner ear:
bony
membranous

A

bony:
cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals

membranous:
continuous system of ducts and sacs in bony labyrinth

161
Q

what surrounds the labyrinths of the ear and what do they contain

A

bony:
surrounded by otic capsule (within petrous temporal bone)
filled with perilymph

membranous:
suspended in perilymph
contains endolymph

perilymph and endolymph conduct sound vibration and respond to mechanical forces (movement and acceleration)

162
Q

where are the semicircular canals found and what do the contain

A

posterior and lateral to the vestibule
anterior, posterior and lateral duct

semicircular canals (continuous with utricle)
swelling at end called ampullae
163
Q

what does the ampulla contain

A

equilibrium receptors called crista ampullaris

respond to angular movements of the head

164
Q

what are the 2 membranous sacs in the vestibule

A

utricle and saccule

165
Q

what do the utricle and saccule contain

A

equilibrium receptors called maculae

respond to pull of gravity and changes in head position

166
Q

blood supply and drainage to/from the internal ear

A

basilar artery - anteroinferior cerebellar artery - internal auditory artery - two branches; vestibular artery and common cochlear artery

vein of cochlear aqueduct and vein of vestibular aqueduct drain to the internal auditory vein

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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