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Structure And Function 2-1 > Face > Flashcards

Face Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the majority of the facial muscles insert

A

The skin

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2
Q

What nerve is damaged in Bells Palsy/what type of disorder is it
and what structures are affected

A

Lower motor neuron disorder of facial nerve VII causing unilateral analysis of all facial muscles on one side, inability to close the eye, loss of taste to the anterior tongue, pain in/behind the ear, and hyperacousia

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3
Q

Upper motor neuron lesions of CN VII

A

Upper motor neuron is damaged usually during a cortical stroke, and the lower face is paralyzed but the upper facial muscles are unaffected.

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4
Q

What arteries branch off the arch of the aorta

A

Brachiocephalic trunk(right common carotid)
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

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5
Q

What does the common carotid branch to

A

The internal and external carotid arteries

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6
Q

What does the internal carotid artery do

A

It and the vertebral artery supply the brain

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7
Q

What does the external carotid artery branch to

A
  1. Superior thyroid
  2. Ascending pharyngeal
  3. Lingual
  4. Facial
  5. Occipital
  6. Posterior auricular
  7. Superficial temporal
  8. Maxillary
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8
Q

What are the two arteries that supply the face primarily

A

The facial artery and the superficial temporal arteries

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9
Q

What are the branches of the facial artery

A

Superior and inferior facial arteries(this is where you take the facial pulse) and the angular artery

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10
Q

Where does the superficial temporal artey arise

A

Anterior to the external auditory meatus and deep to the parotid

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11
Q

What branch comes off the superficial temporal artery and where does it lie

A

The transverse facial artery and it lies above the parotid duct

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12
Q

Where does the vertebral artery pass and what does it supply

A

Through the foramena transversaria of C1-C6 and it supplies the brain stem and spinal chord

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13
Q

What does the internal carotid artery branch to

A

To the brain and the ophthalmic artery and branches of the ophthalmic supply the face for head and nasal cavity

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14
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid to the face from the ophthalmic artery

2 of them

A
  1. Supraorbital artery- to the scalp above the orbit (more lateral)
  2. Supratrochelear artery- on the medial side of the supraorbital artery above the trochlea (more medial)
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15
Q

What is the venous drainage of the face

They follow the arteries

Interesting note about the facial veins

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

Also facial vein
Facial veins have no valves and there are extensive anastomoses between the branches of the facial and ophthalmic veins of the face have low pressure and no valves so infections can spread through the veins to the cavernous sinus.

Clinical sign is DIPLOPIA or blurred vision

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16
Q

Cranial nerve 1

A

Olfactory nerve

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17
Q

Cranial nerve II

A

Optic nerve

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18
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor (eye movement)

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19
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear (eye movement)

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20
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal (touch general sensation to skin, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and more)

21
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens (eye movement)

22
Q

CN VII

A

Facial (muscle of facial expression and alot more)

23
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulo-chochlear (hearing and balance)

24
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal (sensory to pharynx and more)

25
Q

CN X

A

Vagus (larynx, pharynx and the rest of the body)

26
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius)

27
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal (muscles of the tongue)

28
Q

Trigeminal nerve divisions and borders for the divisions

A

V1= ophthalmic division (lateral border of the eye)
V2= maxillary division (lateral border of the mouth)
V3 mandibular division

29
Q

Obicularis oculi 2 parts and function

A

Palpebrl part- closes the eyelids

Orbital part- buries the eyelids

30
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Surrounds and closes the mouth

31
Q

Compressor nares

A

Lateral to the bridge of the nose and compresses the nasal cartilage

32
Q

Dialtor nares

A

Lateral to the nares and dilates (flares the nostrils

33
Q

Procerus

A

Wrinkles skin of the nose

34
Q

Levator labii

A

Lifts the upper lip

35
Q

Zygomaticus major nd minor

A

Raise and pull the upper lip laterally

36
Q

Elevator anguli oris

A

Raise the corner of the mouth

37
Q

Risorius

A

Smile

38
Q

Depressor Anguli o ris

A

Tragedy

39
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

Depresses the lower lip

40
Q

Mentalis

A

Wrinkles the skin of the chin

41
Q

Buccinator

A

Compresses the mouth and keeps food between the teeth when chewing

42
Q

Frontalis

Clinical correlate

A

Muscle of the scalp that is attached to the epicranial aponeurosis and raises the eyebrows

Used int he clinic to test the facial nerve

43
Q

Platysma

A

Extends front he mandible to the fascia over the pec major–> it tenses and moves the skin of the neck

44
Q

What are the five branches of the facial nerve and where does it leave the skull

special note for the buccal

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Mandibular
  5. Cervical

** buccal branch VII=motor
Buccal branch V=sensory

45
Q

When do the facial primordia form

A

The 4th week

46
Q

Where do nasal placodes form

A

On the side of frontonasal process

47
Q

Describe the formation of the philtrum

A

Medial and lateral nasal processes form at the margins of the nasal placodes and the medial and maxillary processes fuse to form the upper lip

48
Q

Wht is the pathology of cleft lip

A

Failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes and the maxillary process

49
Q

Describe the development of the nasolacrimal duct and what does it connect

Clinical correlate

A

It develops as a solid cord from the medial angle of the eye to the nasal cavity and becomes canalized and it connects the anterior eye to the nasal cavity

Clinical correlate- an obstructed duct happens when the duct fails to canalize and needs to be surgically for tear drainage

Structure And Function 2-1 (6 decks)

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