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Anatomy and Physiology sem 1 > fabrics of life > Flashcards

fabrics of life Flashcards

1
Q

plasma membrane

A

boundary between the cell and environment and is selectively permeable (made of phospholipids that are polar and non polar)

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2
Q

nucleus

A

the repository of genetic information, cell’s control centre for growth and reproduction

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3
Q

nuclear envolope

A

keeps the contents of the nucleus seperate from the cytoplasm of the cell

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4
Q

nuclear pores

A

permit chemical traffic through the barrier to and from nucleus

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5
Q

mitochondria

A

the powerhouse of the cell and is responsible for producing ATP from the food consumed

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6
Q

nucleoulus

A

middle ball in nucleus which produces and assembles ribosomes where RNA genes are transcribed

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7
Q

chromatin

A

within the nucleus and packages DNA into a unit capable of fitting within the nucleus

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8
Q

smooth ER

A

creates and stores steroids and lipids and metabolises toxic substances (no ribosomes)

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9
Q

rough ER

A

site of protein synthesis and contains membrane bound ribosomes that translate to the Mrna transcript to amino acids to attach to polypeptides

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9
Q

free ribosomes

A

free ribosomes produce proteins used inside the cell itself.

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10
Q

golgi apparatus

A

processes, sorts and modifies proteins from the ER transports to their eventual destination

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11
Q

lysosomes

A

contains enzymes that breakdown and digest unneeded cellular components (created by golgi)

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12
Q

cytoplasm

A

consists of all contents outside the nucleus (cytosol, cytoplasmic inclusions, cytoskeleton and organelles)

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13
Q

cytosol

A

semi-fluid component of cell’s cytoplasm that all sugars salts and other water soluable elements are dissolved

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14
Q

cytoskeleton

A

provides structure and internal organisation for cells and assists carrying out mechanical functions

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15
Q

organelle

A

small cellular structure thats embedded in the cytoplasm that performs specific functions within the cell

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16
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

large sheet of cells on the first layer of the body (protection)

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17
Q

muscular tissue

A

allows for movement (excitable)

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18
Q

nervous tissue

A

communication (excitable)

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19
Q

connective tissue

A

supports, protects, structure

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20
Q

simple layer

A

one layer of cells

21
Q

stratified

A

more than one layer of cells

22
Q

pseudostratified

A

closely packed cells that appear to be arranged in layers but has only one

23
Q

squamous cells

A

flat and sheet like

24
Q

cubodial cells

A

cube like

25
Q

columnar cells

A

collumn like, tall and skinny

26
Q

transitional cells

A

shape varies depending on how the tissue is being stretched

27
Q

connective tissue

A

maintains the form of the body and its organs providing cohesion of movement and support

28
Q

connective tissue proper

A

subset of connective tissue characterised as having more intercellular material than cells (divided in 2: dense and loose)

29
Q

dense connective tissue

A

attaches muscles to bones or bones to bones and is for strength

30
Q

loose connective tissue

A

includes areolar tissue, reticular tissue and adipose, holds organ in place and is ‘loose’ as the cells that make up tissue are seperated by some distance

31
Q

cartilage

A

firm but softer than bone connective tissue that forms important structural components in the body

32
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

supports and cushions forms articular surfaces along long bones helping them move smoothly past eachother

33
Q

elastic cartilage

A

provides strength, elasticity while mainatining certain types of structures

34
Q

fibrocartilage

A

strongest kind of cartilage because of alternating layers of hyaline cartilage and dense collagen fibres

35
Q

irregular dense connective tissue

A

contains collagen fibres that run in more than one plane

36
Q

reticular connective tissue

A

delicate network of fibres that form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types

37
Q

blood

A

transports gases (o2 co2), nutrients, wastes and other substances

38
Q

adipose tissue

A

acts as an energy storage site, insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organs

39
Q

bone

A

supports and protects, provides levers for muscles to attach to, stores calcium and provides cavities for fat storage and blood cell formation

40
Q

areorla connective tissue

A

wraps and cushions organs

41
Q

elastic connective tissue

A

allows recoil of tissue following streching, maintains blood flow through arteries and aids recoil of lungs forllowing inspiration. found in artery walls and bronchi

42
Q

diffusion

A

when particles are spread they move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

43
Q

active diffusion

A

active transport needs cellular energy to transport the molecules against the concentration

44
Q

passive diffusion

A

Passive transport is a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes

45
Q

osmosis

A

the diffusion of water molecules from a region of high water potential to low water potential, through a semi-permeable membrane

45
Q

osmosis

A

the diffusion of water molecules from a region of high water potential to low water potential, through a semi-permeable membrane

46
Q

isotonic solution

A

equal amounts of solute and solvent causing the cell concentration and structure to stay constant

47
Q

hypertonic solution

A

more solute than solvent pushing water out of the cell causing cell to shrink

48
Q

hypotonic

A

more solvent than solvent causing water moves into the cell causing cells to swell in size

49
Q

tonicity

A

the capability of a solution to modify the volume of cells by altering their water content.

Anatomy and Physiology sem 1 (4 decks)

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