Fabric Construction Flashcards
Describe the construction of a plain weave.
The weft yarn goes over and under the warp.
Describe the construction of twill weave.
The weft yarn passed over three warp yarns and under one warp yarn. This creates a diagonal pattern.
What is the difference between warp and weft?
- Warp yarns run the length of the loom, weft yarns run the width.
- Warp yarns are fixed in the loom.
- Warp yarns are stronger and less stretchy than weft yarns.
- Weft yarns create the selvedge edge.
- Weft yarns can be decorative.
What are the properties of twill weave?
- It is the strongest weave.
- It is more complicated than plain weave and therefore more expensive.
- It has a right and wrong side.
- It has an uneven surface.
Describe the construction of a satin weave
The weft yarns are almost hidden. They go under four or more warp yarns and over one.
What are the properties of satin weave?
- The floats (warp yarns) catch the light.
- It is very delicate. It frays easily and the floats snag.
- It has a right and wrong side.
What are the properties of weft knitting?
- Single yarn knitting. Can be done by hand.
- Rows of loops lock above and below.
- Stretchier than warp.
- Ladders easily.
- The shape distorts easily.
- Does not crease.
What are the properties of warp knitting?
- Done by machine.
- Less stretchy and a firmer fabric.
- Does not ladder.
- Maintains its shape.
- Fast to produce.
What are the three types of non-woven fabrics?
- Wool felt.
- Needle felt.
- Bonded webs.
What are the properties of non-woven fabrics?
- Cheap to produce.
- No grain. Can be cut in any direction.
- No stretch.
- Do not fray.
- Not very strong.
- Poor drape.
How is wool felt produced?
Animal fibres are subjected to heat, pressure, friction, and chemical solution. The scales on the fibre surface interlock.
How is needle felt produced?
A web of fibres is repeatedly penetrated by needles which pull at the fibres to tangle them.
How are bonded web fabrics produced?
A web of fibres is created. It can be wet-laid, dry-laid, or direct-spun.
The web is then strengthened by chemical, thermal, or mechanical treatment.
What are some ways of strengthening a web of fibres to create a bonded web?
- Application of adhesive and pressure.
- Fibres softened by a solvent so they bond at points of contact.
- Thermoplastic fibres softened by heat so they bond at points of contact.
- Thermoplastic fibres can be spot-welded at regular intervals.
How is a raised pile created?
A fabric is woven and the weft yarns are cropped. This makes them stand raised from the west of the weave.
