FA Peds Flashcards
Primordial atrium is divided into L and R by
Septa primum and secundum
What forms the valve of the foramen ovale, wh/ closes about 3 mos after birth?
Septum primum
Formamen ovale connects RA and
Aorta
Failure of the foramen oval to close results in
ASD
When does the foramen oval normally close?
By about 3 mos after birth
The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein with the
IVC
The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk with the
aorta
When does the ductus arterious normally close?
within the first few days of life (PA pressure drops because the lungs expand, which reduces flow across DA, which causes it to close)
Horseshoe kidney gets caught on the
IMA during ascent
insufficient rotation fo teh midgut
malrotation
incomplete separation of foregut and primitive airway
TEF
failure of intestine to return to abdomen –> full thickness abdominal wall defect with extruded intestine
gastroschisis
Primitave alveoli and surfactant production begin at 24 weeks, but babies born prior to X weeks need surfactant their moms need steroids
30
failure of casual neural tube to close completely
spina bifuda
Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio in the amniotic fluid greater than X indicates fetal lung maturity
3
Fetal portion of placenta is formed from
chorionic sac
Maternal portion of placenta is derived from
endometrium
What things CAN’T pass through placenta?
heparin and insulin
maternal AFP is high in
multiple gestations, fetal neural tube defects, gastroschisis
maternal AFP is low in
Down and Edwards (trisomy 18)
Most common cause of abnormal AFP
incorrect dates
Neonate w/ microcephaly, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis, and seizures
Toxo
Neonate w/ meningoencephalitis, microcephaly, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, and CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (PDA and PAS)
Rubella
Neonate w/ IUGR, petechiae and purpura, jaundice, HSM, microcephaly, chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications
CMV
Neonate w/ chorioretinitis and intracranial calcificiations
Toxo (plus hydrocephalus)
OR
CMV (plus IUGR, petechiae/purpura, jaundice, HSM)
Neonate w/ hearing loss
could be rubella (earlier) or CMV (later)
Neonate w/ depressed nasal bridge, flat philtrum, long upper lip, thin vermilion border
FAS
Neonate w. irritability, nasal stuffiness, coarse tremors, poor feeding, diarrhea
cocaine or heroin withdrawal
High-pitched cry + irritability + tachy
Cocaine withdrawal
Yawning and sneezing + irritability + tremor
Opiate withdrawal (heroin)
Cocaine use is a/w
placental abruption
Fetal hydratoin syndrome = IUGR, MR, dysmorphic faces, hypoplasia of nails and distal phalanges
Phenytoin
Infants of narcotic abusing mothers should never be given WHAT in the delivery room bc it may precipitate seizures?.
Narcan (naloxone)
Treat hyper coagulability in pregnant woman with
heparin, NOT warfarin
Maternal lupus is a/w
first-degree AV block
when umbilical cord is clamped and cut, absent blood flow with the umbilical vein –>
closure of DV
newborn pustular rash distributed over the run, face and extremities that resolves in a week
erythema toxicum
anterior fontanelle closes at
9-12 months
bulging fontanelle is seen with
increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, meningitits
large AF with
hypothyroidism, OI
absent AF with
craniosynostosis
Large tongue seen with
hypothyroidism, Down;s, Beckwith-Widemann
neonate with coarse facial features
mucopolysarccharidoses
salt-and-pepper speckling of iris seen in Down syndrome
Brushfield spots
white pupil is called
leukocoria
compare brachial with femoral pulse to r/o aortic arch obstruction such as
AS, coarctation (femoral pulses will be weak or absent)
umbilical cord should have how many vessels?
3! two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein
macrosomic infants have BW >
4 kg
ddx LGA
diabetic mother, postmature, Beckwith-Wiedermann syndrome, constitutional
Which can cross suture lines - caput or cephalo?
CAPUT CAN CROSS SUTURE LINES
area of edema over the presenting portion of the scale during a vertex delivery; a/w bruising and petechiae, can cross suture lines
Caput succedaneum
