FA Micro IV Flashcards
1
Q
What species causes bloody diarrhea, is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
A
campylobacter
2
Q
What species causes bloody diarrhea, is lactose neg, and had flagellar motility
A
salmonella
3
Q
What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg, very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
A
shigella
4
Q
What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7, can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
A
enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
5
Q
What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
A
enteroinvasive E. coli
6
Q
What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
A
Yersinia enterocolitica
7
Q
What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
A
C. diff
8
Q
What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
A
entamoeba histolytica
9
Q
What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins, and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
A
Entertoxigenic E. coli
10
Q
What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
A
virbrio cholera
11
Q
What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
A
C. perfringens
12
Q
What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
A
giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
13
Q
What viruses cause watery diarrhea
A
rotavirus, adenovirus, norwalk virus
14
Q
PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
A
group B strep, E. coli
15
Q
PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
A
RSV, mycoplasma, chlamydia pneumo, strep pneumo,
16
Q
PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
A
mycoplasma, C. pneumo and S pneumo
17
Q
PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
A
S. pneumo, H. flu, Anaerobes, viruses, mycoplasma
18
Q
PNA in elderly
A
S. pneumo, Influenza virus, anaerobies, H flu, GNR
19
Q
Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
A
staph or enteric GNR
20
Q
PNA in immunCised
A
staph, enteric GNR, fungi, viruses, pneumocystis in HIV
21
Q
Apiration PNA - orgs
A
Anaerobes
22
Q
PNA in EtOh or IVDU
A
S. pneumo, klebsiella, staph
23
Q
PNA in CF
A
pseudomonas
24
Q
Postviral PNA
A
staph or H. flu
25
atypical PNA
mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
26
Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
group B strep, E. coli, listeria
27
meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
strep pneumo, n. meningiditis, h flu type b, enterovirus
28
meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
n. meningitidis, enterovirus, s pneumo, HSV
29
meningitis in >60
s pneumo, GNR, listeria
30
What are the viral causes of meningitis
enterovirus esp coxsackievirus, HSV, HIV, West Nile virus, VZV
31
What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
cryptococcus, CMV, toxoplasmosis (brain abscess), JC virus (PML)
32
In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
unimmunised kids
33
what are the findings for pressure, cell type, protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
inc, inc PMNs, inc, dec
34
What are the findings for pressure, cell type, protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
inc, inc lymphos, inc, dec
35
What are the findings for pressure, cells type, protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
nl/inc, inc lymphos, nl, inc, nl
36
Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
S. aureus
37
Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
38
Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
Pseudomonas
39
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
salmonella
40
Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
41
Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae
mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
42
osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
pasteurella multocida
43
In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
children
44
What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
elevated CRP and ESR
45
How does urinary tract infection present
dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, WBCs but not casts in urine
46
Which males have UTIs
infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux, elderly with enlarged prostates
47
What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
pyelonephritis - fever, chills flank pain, CVA tenderness, hematuria and WBC casts
48
How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men, why, and what are predisposing factors
ten times, shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction, kidney surgery, catheterization, GU malformation, diabetes pregnancy
49
What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI, pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI, except S. saprophyticus
50
Leading cause of UTI, colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
E. coli
51
2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
staph saprophyticus
52
3rd leading cause of UTI, large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
klebsiella pneumo
53
Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment, they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Serratia marcescens
54
This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
enterobacter cloacae
55
Motility causes "swarming" on agar, produces urease, associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
proteus mirabilis
56
Blue -green pigment and fruity odor, usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
pseudomonas
57
What are the ToRCHeS infxns and what are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation
58
Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
group B strep, E. coli, listeria
59
This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy, causes chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
60
This infxn causes rash, lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia), cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
rubella, respiratory droplets
61
This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono-like illness causing hearing loss, petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission
CMV - sexual contact, organ transplants
62
This infection has a variable presentation in mom,and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
HIV, sexual
63
This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis, and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
HSV, skin or mucous membrance contact
64
This infxn produces a primary chanre, disseminated rash, or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth, hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla) saber shins - org and transmission
syphillis, sexual contact
65
This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
rubella german measles
66
rash beginning at the head and moving down, rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
measles rubeola, measles
67
parotitis, meningitis, orchitis or oophoritis in young adults -agent and dz
mumps virus, mumps
68
Rash begins on trunk, spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
VZV - chickenpox
69
macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever, usually affects infants - agent and dz
HHV 6, roseola
70
slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular "lace-like" pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
71
Erythematous, sandpaper-like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
72
Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
coxsackie A, hand-foot-mouth dz
73
urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatits, epididymitis, arthritis, creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
n. gono causing gono
74
painless chancre - org and dz
treponema, primary syphillis
75
fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, condylomata lata - org and dz
treponema, 2ndary syphillis
76
gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortisis, argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
treponema, tertiary syphillis
77
painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy-org and dz
haemophilus ducreyi, chancroid
78
painful penile, vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers, can cause systemic symptoms such as fever, HA, myalgia - org and dz
HSV-2, genital herpes
79
urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivits, Reiters syndrome, PID - org and dz
chlamydia trachomatis (D-K), chlamydia
80
ulcers, lymphadenopathy, rectal strictures - org and dz
C. trachomatis (L1-L3), lymphgranuloma venereum
81
vaginitis, strawberry colored mucosa, corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
trichamonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis
82
Opportunistic infections, KS, lymphoma - orga and dz
HIV, AIDS
83
genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
HPV 6 and 11, condylomata acuminata
84
Jaundice - org (sexually transmitted) and dz
HBC, hepatitis B
85
noninflammatory, malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
86
What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
C. trachomatis - subactue, often undiagnosed, N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
87
What are PE signs of PID
cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
88
What can PID cause
salpingitis, endometritis, hydrosalpinx, tubo-ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz-High-Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
89
What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, adhesion
salpingitis
90
Newborn nursery is a risk factor for what nosocomial infections
CMV, RSV
91
Urinary catheterization is a risk factor for what nosocomial infection
E. coli, proteus
92
Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor for what nosocomial infection
pseudomonas
93
Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor for what nosocomial infection
HBV
94
Hyperalimentation is a risk factor for what nosocomial infection
candida albicans
95
Water aerosols are a risk factor for what nosocomial infection
legionella
96
burns or air
pseudomonas
97
What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
98
Low grade fever, cough, hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
histoplasmosis
99
fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
candida
100
superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
bartonella henselae
101
superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
HHV-8, KS
102
Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
cryptosporidium
103
meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
104
encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
JC virus causing PML
105
Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
toxoplasmosis
106
Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
CMV
107
Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
EBV
108
Non-hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
EBV
109
Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
PHV
110
interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
cmv
111
How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, infiltrates on imaging
112
PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
pneumocystis jerovici
113
TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
mycobacterium avium intracellulare
114
Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
rubella
115
Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down, preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
measles
116
unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
H flu type B
117
Unimmunized child with pharyngitis, grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway, painful throat
C. diptheriae
118
Unimmunized child with fever, dysphagia, drooling, and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
epiglottitis H flu type B
119
pus, empyema, abcess
s. aureus
120
pediatric infxn
h flu
121
PNA in CF, burn
pseudomonas
122
branching rods in oral infection, sulfur granules
actinomyces
123
traumatic open wound
c. perfringens
124
surgical wound
s. aureus
125
dog or cat bite
pasteurella multocida
126
currant jelly sputum
klebsiella
127
pos PAS stain
tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
128
Sepis/meningitis in newborn
group B strep
129
health care provider
HBV from needle stick
130
fungal infection in diabetic
mucor or rhizopus
131
asplenic pt
encapsulated microbes SHiN
132
chronic granulomatous disease
catalase pos microbes - S. aureus, Nocardia, aspergillus
133
neutropenic pts
candida and aspergillus
134
bilateral bells palsy
borrelia burgdorferi
