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First Aid Microbiology > FA Micro IV > Flashcards

FA Micro IV Flashcards

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1
Q

What species causes bloody diarrhea, is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C

A

campylobacter

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2
Q

What species causes bloody diarrhea, is lactose neg, and had flagellar motility

A

salmonella

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3
Q

What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg, very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin

A

shigella

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4
Q

What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7, can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin

A

enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

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5
Q

What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa

A

enteroinvasive E. coli

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6
Q

What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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7
Q

What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis

A

C. diff

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8
Q

What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan

A

entamoeba histolytica

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9
Q

What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins, and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea

A

Entertoxigenic E. coli

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10
Q

What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea

A

virbrio cholera

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11
Q

What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene

A

C. perfringens

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12
Q

What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea

A

giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts

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13
Q

What viruses cause watery diarrhea

A

rotavirus, adenovirus, norwalk virus

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14
Q

PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs

A

group B strep, E. coli

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15
Q

PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs

A

RSV, mycoplasma, chlamydia pneumo, strep pneumo,

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16
Q

PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs

A

mycoplasma, C. pneumo and S pneumo

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17
Q

PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs

A

S. pneumo, H. flu, Anaerobes, viruses, mycoplasma

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18
Q

PNA in elderly

A

S. pneumo, Influenza virus, anaerobies, H flu, GNR

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19
Q

Bugs in hospital acquired PNA

A

staph or enteric GNR

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20
Q

PNA in immunCised

A

staph, enteric GNR, fungi, viruses, pneumocystis in HIV

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21
Q

Apiration PNA - orgs

A

Anaerobes

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22
Q

PNA in EtOh or IVDU

A

S. pneumo, klebsiella, staph

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23
Q

PNA in CF

A

pseudomonas

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24
Q

Postviral PNA

A

staph or H. flu

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25
Q

atypical PNA

A

mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

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26
Q

Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)

A

group B strep, E. coli, listeria

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27
Q

meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)

A

strep pneumo, n. meningiditis, h flu type b, enterovirus

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28
Q

meningitis from 6 -60 yrs

A

n. meningitidis, enterovirus, s pneumo, HSV

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29
Q

meningitis in >60

A

s pneumo, GNR, listeria

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30
Q

What are the viral causes of meningitis

A

enterovirus esp coxsackievirus, HSV, HIV, West Nile virus, VZV

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31
Q

What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV

A

cryptococcus, CMV, toxoplasmosis (brain abscess), JC virus (PML)

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32
Q

In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b

A

unimmunised kids

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33
Q

what are the findings for pressure, cell type, protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis

A

inc, inc PMNs, inc, dec

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34
Q

What are the findings for pressure, cell type, protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis

A

inc, inc lymphos, inc, dec

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35
Q

What are the findings for pressure, cells type, protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis

A

nl/inc, inc lymphos, nl, inc, nl

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36
Q

Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from

A

S. aureus

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37
Q

Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from

A

N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

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38
Q

Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst

A

Pseudomonas

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39
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell

A

salmonella

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40
Q

Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement

A

S. aureus and S. epidermidis

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41
Q

Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

A

mycobacterium TB (Pott’s dz)

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42
Q

osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches

A

pasteurella multocida

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43
Q

In which population does most osteomyelitis occur

A

children

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44
Q

What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis

A

elevated CRP and ESR

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45
Q

How does urinary tract infection present

A

dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, WBCs but not casts in urine

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46
Q

Which males have UTIs

A

infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux, elderly with enlarged prostates

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47
Q

What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in

A

pyelonephritis - fever, chills flank pain, CVA tenderness, hematuria and WBC casts

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48
Q

How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men, why, and what are predisposing factors

A

ten times, shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction, kidney surgery, catheterization, GU malformation, diabetes pregnancy

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49
Q

What are the diagnostic markers of UTI

A

pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI, pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI, except S. saprophyticus

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50
Q

Leading cause of UTI, colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar

A

E. coli

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51
Q

2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women

A

staph saprophyticus

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52
Q

3rd leading cause of UTI, large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies

A

klebsiella pneumo

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53
Q

Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment, they are often nosocomial and drug resistant

A

Serratia marcescens

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54
Q

This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant

A

enterobacter cloacae

55
Q

Motility causes “swarming” on agar, produces urease, associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI

A

proteus mirabilis

56
Q

Blue -green pigment and fruity odor, usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI

A

pseudomonas

57
Q

What are the ToRCHeS infxns and what are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns

A

microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation

58
Q

Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates

A

group B strep, E. coli, listeria

59
Q

This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy, causes chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission

A

toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

60
Q

This infxn causes rash, lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia), cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission

A

rubella, respiratory droplets

61
Q

This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono-like illness causing hearing loss, petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission

A

CMV - sexual contact, organ transplants

62
Q

This infection has a variable presentation in mom,and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission

A

HIV, sexual

63
Q

This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis, and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission

A

HSV, skin or mucous membrance contact

64
Q

This infxn produces a primary chanre, disseminated rash, or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth, hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla) saber shins - org and transmission

A

syphillis, sexual contact

65
Q

This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz

A

rubella german measles

66
Q

rash beginning at the head and moving down, rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz

A

measles rubeola, measles

67
Q

parotitis, meningitis, orchitis or oophoritis in young adults -agent and dz

A

mumps virus, mumps

68
Q

Rash begins on trunk, spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz

A

VZV - chickenpox

69
Q

macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever, usually affects infants - agent and dz

A

HHV 6, roseola

70
Q

slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular “lace-like” pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz

A

parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

71
Q

Erythematous, sandpaper-like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz

A

strep pyogenes and scarlet fever

72
Q

Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz

A

coxsackie A, hand-foot-mouth dz

73
Q

urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatits, epididymitis, arthritis, creamy purulent discharge - org and dz

A

n. gono causing gono

74
Q

painless chancre - org and dz

A

treponema, primary syphillis

75
Q

fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, condylomata lata - org and dz

A

treponema, 2ndary syphillis

76
Q

gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortisis, argyll robertson pupils - org and dz

A

treponema, tertiary syphillis

77
Q

painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy-org and dz

A

haemophilus ducreyi, chancroid

78
Q

painful penile, vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers, can cause systemic symptoms such as fever, HA, myalgia - org and dz

A

HSV-2, genital herpes

79
Q

urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivits, Reiters syndrome, PID - org and dz

A

chlamydia trachomatis (D-K), chlamydia

80
Q

ulcers, lymphadenopathy, rectal strictures - org and dz

A

C. trachomatis (L1-L3), lymphgranuloma venereum

81
Q

vaginitis, strawberry colored mucosa, corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz

A

trichamonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis

82
Q

Opportunistic infections, KS, lymphoma - orga and dz

A

HIV, AIDS

83
Q

genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz

A

HPV 6 and 11, condylomata acuminata

84
Q

Jaundice - org (sexually transmitted) and dz

A

HBC, hepatitis B

85
Q

noninflammatory, malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz

A

gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

86
Q

What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them

A

C. trachomatis - subactue, often undiagnosed, N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

87
Q

What are PE signs of PID

A

cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

88
Q

What can PID cause

A

salpingitis, endometritis, hydrosalpinx, tubo-ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz-High-Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

89
Q

What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, adhesion

A

salpingitis

90
Q

Newborn nursery is a risk factor for what nosocomial infections

A

CMV, RSV

91
Q

Urinary catheterization is a risk factor for what nosocomial infection

A

E. coli, proteus

92
Q

Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor for what nosocomial infection

A

pseudomonas

93
Q

Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor for what nosocomial infection

A

HBV

94
Q

Hyperalimentation is a risk factor for what nosocomial infection

A

candida albicans

95
Q

Water aerosols are a risk factor for what nosocomial infection

A

legionella

96
Q

burns or air

A

pseudomonas

97
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections

A

E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

98
Q

Low grade fever, cough, hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages

A

histoplasmosis

99
Q

fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly

A

candida

100
Q

superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation

A

bartonella henselae

101
Q

superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation

A

HHV-8, KS

102
Q

Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool

A

cryptosporidium

103
Q

meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule

A

cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

104
Q

encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination

A

JC virus causing PML

105
Q

Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging

A

toxoplasmosis

106
Q

Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam

A

CMV

107
Q

Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt

A

EBV

108
Q

Non-hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer’s ring) of HIV pos pt

A

EBV

109
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt

A

PHV

110
Q

interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl’s eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt

A

cmv

111
Q

How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt

A

pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, infiltrates on imaging

112
Q

PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200

A

pneumocystis jerovici

113
Q

TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50

A

mycobacterium avium intracellulare

114
Q

Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy

A

rubella

115
Q

Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down, preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa

A

measles

116
Q

unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis

A

H flu type B

117
Q

Unimmunized child with pharyngitis, grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway, painful throat

A

C. diptheriae

118
Q

Unimmunized child with fever, dysphagia, drooling, and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis

A

epiglottitis H flu type B

119
Q

pus, empyema, abcess

A

s. aureus

120
Q

pediatric infxn

A

h flu

121
Q

PNA in CF, burn

A

pseudomonas

122
Q

branching rods in oral infection, sulfur granules

A

actinomyces

123
Q

traumatic open wound

A

c. perfringens

124
Q

surgical wound

A

s. aureus

125
Q

dog or cat bite

A

pasteurella multocida

126
Q

currant jelly sputum

A

klebsiella

127
Q

pos PAS stain

A

tropheryma whippelii (whipple’s dz)

128
Q

Sepis/meningitis in newborn

A

group B strep

129
Q

health care provider

A

HBV from needle stick

130
Q

fungal infection in diabetic

A

mucor or rhizopus

131
Q

asplenic pt

A

encapsulated microbes SHiN

132
Q

chronic granulomatous disease

A

catalase pos microbes - S. aureus, Nocardia, aspergillus

133
Q

neutropenic pts

A

candida and aspergillus

134
Q

bilateral bells palsy

A

borrelia burgdorferi

First Aid Microbiology (4 decks)

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