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First Aid Microbiology > FA Micro II > Flashcards

FA Micro II Flashcards

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1
Q

Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted

A

gonococci

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2
Q

What does gonococi cause

A

gonorrhea, septic arthritis, neonatal conjunctivitis, PID, fitz-hugh curtis

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3
Q

What does meningococci cause

A

meningitis, waterhouse friderichsen,

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4
Q

What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci

A

rifampin

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5
Q

haEMOPhilus causes….

A

epiglottitis (cherry-red in kids) meningitis, otitis media and pneumonia

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6
Q

what is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce

A

type B protease IgA

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7
Q

What are the laboratory findings for H Flu

A

gram neg coccobacillary rods, cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus

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8
Q

What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue

A

ceftriaxone, rifampin for close contacts

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9
Q

What is the H flu vaccine

A

type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein

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10
Q

When is H flu vaccine give

A

between 2 and 18 months

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11
Q

What is legionnaires disease

A

severe pneumonia

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12
Q

What is pontiac fever

A

mild flulike symptoms with legionella

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13
Q

What are the laboratory findings of legionella

A

gram neg rod, poor gram stain, use silver stain, grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

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14
Q

How is legionella detected clinically

A

antigen in urine

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15
Q

How is legionella transmitted

A

aerosal, from environmental water source

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16
Q

Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and what is the TX

A

no, erythromycin

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17
Q

What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and what can it cause

A

wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF, sepsis, external otitis (swimmer’s ear), UTI, drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis

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18
Q

What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics

A

malignant otitis externa

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19
Q

What are the lab findings of pseudomonas

A

aerobic gram pos rod, non lactose fermenting, oxidase pos, blue-green pigment, grapelike odor

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20
Q

What is the source of pseudomonas and what does virulence factors does it have

A

water source, endotoxin causing fever and shock, exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)

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21
Q

What is the TX for pseudomonas

A

aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin, ticarcillin)

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22
Q

what are the different virulence factors in E. coli and what do they cause

A

fimbriae- cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia, neonatal meningitis, LPS endotoxin - septic shock

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23
Q

What is the presentation of EIEC and what is the mechanism of the toxin

A

invasive, dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation

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24
Q

What is the presentation of ETEC and what is the mechanism of the toxin

A

traveler’s diarrhea -labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion

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25
Q

What is the presentation of EPEC and what is the mechanism

A

diarrhea in children - no toxin, adheres to apical surface, flattens villi, prevents absorption

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26
Q

What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC

A

dysentery from shiga like toxin, O157:H7 is common serotype, produces HUS

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27
Q

What is the triad of HUS

A

anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure

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28
Q

What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS

A

endothelium swells and narrows lumen, leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

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29
Q

How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli

A

does not ferment sorbitol

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30
Q

Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated

A

klebsiella

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31
Q

What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia, what else can it cause

A

red current jelly, nosocomial UTI

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32
Q

What features are common to both salmonella and shigella

A

both are lactose fermenters, both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea

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33
Q

What features are unique to salmonella

A

have flagella, disseminate hematogenously, produce H2S, symptoms can be prolonged with Abx, typically a monocytic response

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34
Q

What feature is unique to shigella

A

more virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms

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35
Q

What does salmonella typhi cause

A

fever diarrhea, headache, rose spots on abdomen

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36
Q

Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically

A

gallbladder

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37
Q

What is the resevoir of salmonella

A

animal, except typhi - only in humans

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38
Q

How do shigella propel themselves without flagella

A

actic polymerization

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39
Q

What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella

A

food, fingers, feces, flies

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40
Q

This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea, esp in children, fecal-oral transmission through mean (poultry, met unspasteurized milk

A

campylocobacter jejuni

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41
Q

What shape are campylobacter and what are the lab findings

A

comma shaped, s-shaped, oxidase positive, grows at 42 C

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42
Q

Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder

A

guillain barre

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43
Q

What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and how does it produce it

A

profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP

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44
Q

What are the lab findings for cholera

A

comma shaped, oxidase positive, grows in alkaline media

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45
Q

What treatment is required for cholera

A

prompt oral rehydration

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46
Q

this bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces, contaminated milk or pork - what does it cause

A

yersinia, enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers), causes mesenteric adenitis

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47
Q

What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic

A

crohns or appendicitis

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48
Q

This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers, risk factor for peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, lymphoma

A

H. pylori

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49
Q

What are the lab findings for H pylori

A

gram neg rod, urease pos, creates alk envrionment

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50
Q

What is the TX for h pylori

A

triple therapy - metronidazole, bismuth, either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro, omeprazole and clarithromycin

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51
Q

Which bacteria are spirochetes

A

Borrelia, leptospira, treponema

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52
Q

Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy

A

only borrelia

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53
Q

How is treponema visualized

A

dark field microscopy

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54
Q

What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and what does it cause

A

leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms, fever, HA, abdominal pain, jaundice, and photophobia with conjuctivitis

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55
Q

Who mostly gets infected with leptospira

A

surfers in the tropics

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56
Q

What is weil’s disease

A

icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn, ; fever hemorrhage and anemia

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57
Q

What bacteria causes Lyme disease, how is transmitted, how does it present, and what other systems does it effect

A

borrelia burgdorferi, transmited by Ixodes, erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints, CNS and heart

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58
Q

What are important resevoirs for borrelia and what animal is required for tick life cycle

A

mice, deer

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59
Q

How do you treat lyme disease

A

doxycycline and ceftriaxone

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60
Q

What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease

A

bulls eye rash, flulike symptoms

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61
Q

What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

A

neurologica like bell’s palsy and cardiac AV block

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62
Q

What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease

A

chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis

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63
Q

What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis

A

treponema palladium, painless chancre

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64
Q

What happens in secondary syphillis

A

disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles, condylomata lata

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65
Q

What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis

A

many treponemas

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66
Q

What happens in tertiary syphillis

A

gummas (chronic granulomas), aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis), argyll robertson pupils

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67
Q

What are the signs of neurosyphillis

A

broad based ataxia, positive ataxia, charcot joint, stroke without HTN

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68
Q

What test screens for syphillis and what test confirms it

A

VDRL screens and FTA-ABS

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69
Q

What are agryll roberston pupils

A

accommodate but does not react, associated with tertiary syphillis

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70
Q

What is the treatment for syphillis

A

pen

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71
Q

What does VDRL detect, what it is used for and what are the limitations

A

nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin, used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs, rheumatic fever, SLE and leprosy (V=viruses, D =drugs R = rheum fever L = leprosy and lupus

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72
Q

Cat scratch disease, can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients, can be confused with KS

A

bartonella sp

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73
Q

lyme dz, ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd

A

borrelia burgdorferi

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74
Q

recurrent fever from variable surface antigen, transmitted by louse

A

borrelia recurrentis

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75
Q

undulant fever, transmitted in dairy products, contact with animals

A

brucella sp

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76
Q

tularemia, tick bite, rabbits and deer

A

francisella tularenis

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77
Q

plague, flea bite, rodents esp prarie dogs

A

yersinia pestis

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78
Q

cellulitis, osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs

A

pasteurella multocida

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79
Q

pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful

A

gardnerella vaginalis

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80
Q

What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella

A

mobiluncus, an anaerobe

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81
Q

What are the lab findings in gardnerella

A

clue cells, or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope

82
Q

What is the TX for gardnerella

A

metronidazole

83
Q

What is gardnerella associated with

A

sexual activity, but not an STI

84
Q

What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow

A

headache, fever, rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

85
Q

How are rickettsiae transmitted

A

all except coxiella are via arthropod

86
Q

How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted

A

aerosal and causes pneumonia

87
Q

What is the treatment for rickettsiae

A

doxycycline

88
Q

what is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)

A

rickettsia rickettsii

89
Q

what is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)

A

R. typhi

90
Q

What is the organism for endemic typhus (human body louse)

A

R. prowazekii

91
Q

What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis

A

Ehrlichia: no rash, granulocytes with berry cluster organisms

92
Q

What is the organism and vector for Q fever

A

tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

93
Q

What is the TX for rickettsiae

A

doxycycline

94
Q

Where does the rickettsiae rash start and where does the typhus rash start

A

rickettsiae starts on hands and feet, typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

95
Q

What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever

A

negative

96
Q

Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen, and anti-rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate

A

Weil Felix test

97
Q

What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists, ankles and then trunk, headach fever - endemic to east coast

98
Q

What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles

A

coxsackie A, rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)

99
Q

Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

A

can’t make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

100
Q

What are the two forms for chlamydiae

A

elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis,; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission, seen in tissue culture

101
Q

what chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis, conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis, PID

A

chlamydia trachomatis

102
Q

atypical pneumonia, transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae

A

pneumoniae and psittaci

103
Q

In the chlamydiae replication cycle, what is released from a lysed host cell

A

elementary body

104
Q

In the chlamydiae replication cycle, what undergoes binary fission and where

A

reticulte body, in cytoplast of host

105
Q

What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci

A

avain resevoir

106
Q

what does the chylamidial cell wall lack

A

muramic acid

107
Q

How is chlamydia DX is lab

A

cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody-stained smear

108
Q

Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis, which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa

A

ABC

109
Q

Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis, which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs, neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough, or neonatal conjunctivitis

A

D-K

110
Q

Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis, which cause lymphogranuloma venereum

A

L1, L2, L3

111
Q

What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)

A

klebsiella granulomatis

112
Q

What is the TX for chlamydia

A

azithromycin

113
Q

What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia

A

insidious onset, HA, non productive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrate

114
Q

What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

A

bad xray, worse than pt, high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton’s agar

115
Q

Why aren’t myccolasma seen on gram stain

A

no cell wall

116
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance

A

cholesterol

117
Q

In what age group is mycoplasma seen, and what groups are outbreaks common

A

<30, military, prisons

118
Q

What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia

A

tetracycline or erythromycin

119
Q

What are the key features of systemic mycoses

A

can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

120
Q

This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - where is it endemic

A

histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley

121
Q

This fungi forms broad based buds, causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - where is endemic

A

blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

122
Q

This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone -cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz, classic histo finding and endemic area

A

coccidiodiomycosis, southwestern US, CA, San Joaquin Valley valley fever, spherules

123
Q

Latin american, captain wheel appearance

A

paracoccidioidomycosis

124
Q

Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep- dz, organism

A

tinea versicolor, malassezia furfur

125
Q

What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor

A

degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather

126
Q

What is the treatment for tinea versicolor

A

topocal miconazole, selenium sulfide

127
Q

pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism

A

tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton

128
Q

What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep

A

mold hyphae, not dimorphic

129
Q

What is the resevoir for Microsporum and what is the management

A

pets, treat with topical azoles

130
Q

What are the lab findings for candida albicans

A

dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C, germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)

131
Q

What does candida result in with immunoCised pts

A

oral and esophageal thrush

132
Q

What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage

A

vulvuvaginitis

133
Q

Other than thrush and vaginitis, what are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis

A

diaper rash, endocarditis in IVDU, disseminated candidiasis, chronic mucocutanous candidiasis

134
Q

What is the TX for candidiasis

A

nystatin for superficial, ampho B for systemic

135
Q

What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus

A

mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

136
Q

What does aspergillus cause

A

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, lung cavity aspergilloma “fungus ball” invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease

137
Q

How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and where is it found

A

heavily encapsulate yeast, not dimorphic culture on saboouraud’s agar, india ink stain, found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

138
Q

What does cyrptococcus result in clinically

A

cryptococcal meningitis, cryptococcosis, soap bibble lesions in brain

139
Q

How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab

A

mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles

140
Q

How does mucomycosis present clinically

A

mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts, rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses, HA, facial pain, black necrotic eschar on face, cranial nerve involvement

141
Q

What is the pathophys of mucor

A

fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose, penetrate cribiform plate, and enter

142
Q

What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause, how is it diagnosed, and in who do you see it in

A

interstitial pneumonia, AIDS, diffuse bilateral CXR appearance, dx by lung biopsy or lavage, ID-ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

143
Q

What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici

A

TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200

144
Q

Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan

A

yeast - protazoan

145
Q

Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness

A

sporothrix schenckii

146
Q

Who typically gets sporothrix

A

rose gardner’s

147
Q

What is the TX for sporthrix

A

itraconazole or potassium iodide

148
Q

How do sporothrix appear on microscopically

A

cigar shaped yeast

149
Q

How do pneumocystis appear microscopically

A

saucer shaped yeast forms

150
Q

bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection, transmission, dx, and tx

A

giardia, cysts in water, trophozoites or cysts in stool, metronidazole

151
Q

bloody diarrhea, reddish brown liver abcess, RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz, transmission, dx, and tx

A

entamoeba his, cysts in water, serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba, metronidazole and iodquinol

152
Q

sever diarrhea in AIDS, mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz, transmission, dx, and tx

A

cryptosporidium, cysts in water, cysts on acid-fast stain, prevention (clean water) no tx

153
Q

brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications - dz, transmission, dx, and tx

A

toxoplasma, cysts in meat or cat feces, serology/biopsy, sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

154
Q

How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts

A

ring enhancing brain lesions

155
Q

Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats

A

toxo crosses the placenta

156
Q

rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming- dz, transmission, dx and tx

A

naegleria fowleri, freshwater lakes through cribiform plate, amoebas in spinal fluid, amphotericin for survivors

157
Q

African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever - organism, transmission, dx, tx

A

trypanosoma bruceii, tsetse fly (painful bite), blood smear, suramin for blood borne, melarsoprol for CNS infxn

158
Q

what species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness

A

gambiense, rhodesiense

159
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus in south america - dz, organism, transmission, dx and tx

A

chagas dz, trypanosoma cruzi, reduviid bug, blood smear, nifurtimox

160
Q

protozoa causing spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia - dz, org, transmission, dx, tx

A

visceral leishmaniasis, donovani, sandly, macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella), sodium stibogluconate

161
Q

48 hr cyclic fever, HA, splenomegaly - dz, organism, transmission, dx and tx

A

malaria, plasmodium, anopheles, blood smear, cholorquine -resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms

162
Q

what is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale

A

cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver

163
Q

what is the fever cycle for p. falciparum

A

severe, daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain, kidneys and lungs

164
Q

Cyst with four nuclei

A

entamoeba hisotlytica

165
Q

trophozoite ring form in RBC

A

plasmodium

166
Q

fever, hemolytic anemia, northeastern US, maltese cross (and ring) - dz, transmission, dx and tx

A

babesiosis, ixodes, blood smear, quinine and clindamycin

167
Q

foul-smelling greenish vaginal discharge, itching, burning - protozoa, transmission, dx and tx

A

trichomonas, sexual, motile trophozoites on wet mount, metronidazole

168
Q

intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis, scotch tape test - org, transmission, tx

A

enterobius verniculum (pinworm, nematode), food contaminated with eggs, bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

169
Q

intestinal nematode causing infection, eggs are visible in feces - org, tx

A

acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm), bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

170
Q

intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle, periorbital edema - org, transmission, dx, tx

A

trichinella spiralis, undercooked meat usually pork, larvae encyst in muscle, bendazoles

171
Q

nematode causing intestinal infection, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia - org, transmission, tx

A

strongyloides stercoralis, larvae penetrate skin, bendazoles or ivermectin

172
Q

intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs, transmission, tx

A

ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus, larvae penetrate skin of feet, bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

173
Q

tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org, transmission, tx

A

dracunculus medinensis, in drinking water, niridazole

174
Q

tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess, allergic reaction to microfiliria - org, transmission, tx

A

onchocerca volvulus, female blackfies, ivermectin

175
Q

tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org, transmission, tx

A

loa loa, deer/horse/mango fly, diethylcarbamazine

176
Q

tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org, transmission, clinical course, tx

A

wuchereria bancrofti, femile mosquito, 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms, diethylcarbmazine

177
Q

tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org, transmission, tx

A

toxocara canis, food contaminated with eggs, diethylcarbamazine

178
Q

cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org, transmission, tx

A

taenia solium, ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork, praziquantel

179
Q

cestode causing cysticercosis - org, transmission, tx

A

taenia solium, ingestion of eggs, praziquantal

180
Q

cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org, transmission, tx

A

taenia solium, ingestion of eggs, bendazole

181
Q

cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org, transmission, tx

A

diphyllobothrium latum, ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish, praziquantel

182
Q

cestode causing cysts in liver, anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org, transmission, pre-surgical tx, and tx

A

echinococcus granulosus, ingested eggs in dogs feces, surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts, bendazoles

183
Q

trematodes causing granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation of spleen and liver - org, host, transmission, tx

A

schistosoma, snail, cercariae penetrate skin of humans, praziquantrl

184
Q

What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma, and of what organi

A

haematobium, bladder

185
Q

trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org, transmission, associated cancer, tx

A

clonorchis sinensis, undercooked fish, cholangiocarcinoma, praziquantel

186
Q

trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org, transmission, tx

A

paragonimus westermani, undercooked crab meat, praziquantel

187
Q

Which nematodes are ingested

A

enterobius, ascaris, trichinella

188
Q

Which nematodes infect through the skin

A

strongyloides, ancylostoma, necator

189
Q

brain cysts, seizures - parasite

A

taenia solium, cysticercosis

190
Q

liver cysts - parasite

A

echinococcus granulosus

191
Q

B12 def - parasite

A

diphyllobothrium latum

192
Q

biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma - parasite

A

clonorchis sinensis

193
Q

hemoptysis - parasite

A

paragonimus westermani

194
Q

portal HTN - parasite

A

schistosoma mansori

195
Q

hematuria, bladder cancer - parasite

A

schistosoma haematobium

196
Q

microcytic anemia - parasite

A

ancylostoma, necator

197
Q

perianal pruritis - parasite

A

enterobius

198
Q

What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts

A

salmonella typhi

199
Q

What causes typhus - tricky Ts

A

caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki, rickettsia typhi, rickettsia tsutsugamushi

200
Q

What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts

A

bacteria, STD

First Aid Microbiology (4 decks)

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