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BIOC 221 - Metabolism > FA catabolism and Beta oxidation > Flashcards

FA catabolism and Beta oxidation Flashcards

1
Q

Where do fatty acids (FA) come from? (3)

A

Diet
Lipid droplets in cells/seeds (TAGs)
Synthesis and transport to another organ

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2
Q

Fatty acid catabolism provides:

A

Reducing equivalents that produce ATP
Acetyl CoA that can
- be oxidized by CAC –> ATP
- Converted into ketone bodies
- be used for cholesterol biosynthesis
- act as a precursor to fatty acid
synthesis

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3
Q

What do Bile salts do? Where are they produced?

A

Bile salts produced in the liver, specifically the Gallbladder.
Bile salts emulsify dietary fats

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4
Q

Define amphipathic

A

a molecule, especially a protein, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

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5
Q

Can glycerol enter glycolysis? (T/F)

A

True

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6
Q

What are chylomicrons made of (4)

A

TAGs
Cholesterol
Apolipoproteins
Phospholipids

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7
Q

Where is Lipoprotein lipase found? What does it do?

A

Capillary, it breaks chylomicrons to release FA and glycerol in the blood. FA are then diffused into cells.

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8
Q

What cells/tissues take up FAs?

A

Adipose tissue: TAGs as storage

Muscle tissue: Oxidized for energy

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9
Q

Why do fats need something to help carry them through the blood stream?

A

Because they’re more hydrophobic than hydrophilic

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10
Q

What signals to the adipose tissue that energy/fats are required?

A

Hormones / hormone signal

Glucagon

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11
Q

What is a muscle cell called?

A

Myocyte

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12
Q

Where is FA targeted for oxidation?

A

Once it enters the mitochondria

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13
Q

When FAs leave an adipocyte and enter the blood stream, what transports them to a myocyte?

A

Serum Albumin

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14
Q

Where does Beta oxidation occur?

A

mitochondrial matrix

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15
Q

We can harvest 100% of TAGs energy (Remember, TAG = glycerol + FA). What percentage of energy comes from the FAs and what percent of energy comes from the Glycerol?

A

FAs yield 95% of energy from TAGs

Glycerol yields 5% of energy from TAGs (because it is converted back into glucose = glycolysis)

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16
Q

When moving fatty acyl-Coa into the mitochondria, what is the rate limiting step?

A

Transferal of fatty acyl coa to creatine

17
Q

When is fatty acyl coA committed to beta oxidation?

A

Once it’s in the mitochondria

18
Q

If you have a 16C FA, how many Acetyl CoA will you produce? How many beta oxidation will occur? How many ATP is yielded?

A

7 beta oxidations (16/2 - 1 = 7)
8 acetyl coA
28 ATP (4x7) from beta oxidation
+ 80 ATP (8x10) from CAC

19
Q

What energy molecule(s) are produced from one round of beta oxidation? How much total ATP does this yield?

A

NADH(2.5 ATP) and FADH2 (1.5 ATP)

Total = 4 ATP

20
Q

Why is it called beta oxidation?

A

because the beta carbon is continuously oxidized each step.

21
Q

A hydration reaction occurs in beta oxidation (T/F)

A

True, this is how we can yield NADH

22
Q

How much ATP does one Acetyl Coa yield from the CAC?

A

10 ATP (3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP)

23
Q

If 8 acetyl CoA are yielded from a 16C FA, how many ATP are yielded from CAC alone?
How many ATP produced by beta oxidation of the 16C FA and CAC together?

A

8 acetyl coA x 10 ATP = 80 ATP
16/2 - 1 = 7 beta oxidations 4 ATP x 7betaox = 28 ATP
Total: 28 + 80 = 108 ATP - 1 ATP from mitochondrial commitment = 107 total

24
Q

How much ATP does one round of beta oxidation yield?

A

4 ATP (1 NADH, 1 FADH2)

25
Q

What enzyme converts unsaturated (cis) FA to saturated (trans) FA?

A

enoyl-CoA isomerase

26
Q

What hormone tells us we need glucose?

A

Glucagon will put glucose into our body. Tells us we are low on energy

27
Q

What hormone tells our body to take in glucose?

A

Insulin, tells us to take in glucose from the bloodstream.

28
Q

The making/anaoobilsm of TAGs and FA occurs where in the cell?

A

cytosol

29
Q

The breaking oxidation/catabolism of FA occurs where in the cell?

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

The Acyl/carnetine transporter is regulated by what?

A

Malonyl CoA - formed by the anabolism/making of TAGs

31
Q

Ketone bodies can enter what 2 processes?

A
  1. fuel for other tissues including the brian

2. enter CAC

BIOC 221 - Metabolism (6 decks)

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