FA 290 Flashcards
Which of the following is the guiding principle of Mill’s Utilitarianism?
(A) Actions are moral insofar as they promote the greatest good for the greatest number.
(B) Actions are moral insofar as they treat people as ends and not as means.
(C) Actions are moral if they align for a given society’s moral standards.
(D) Actions are moral if they are in accord with the virtues.
(A) Actions are moral insofar as they promote the greatest good for the greatest number.
Which of the following is the guiding principle of Kant’s Deontology?
(A) Actions are moral insofar as they promote the greatest good for the greatest number.
(B) Actions are moral insofar as they treat people as ends and not as means.
(C) Actions are moral if they align for a given society’s moral standards.
(D) Actions are moral if they are in accord with the virtues.
(B) Actions are moral insofar as they treat people as ends and not as means.
All of the following are true about compliance EXCEPT:
(A) Under a compliance model, our intentions (why we comply with the rules) are irrelevant.
(B) Under a compliance model, the assumption is that people act in accordance with regulations because they fear punishment.
(C) Compliance is adherence to a particular set of rules designed and enforced by regulators.
(D) Ethics is identical to compliance.
(D) Ethics is identical to compliance.
Which of the following is a sphere that is governed by the virtue of justice:
(A) fear of important damages, especially death
(B) bodily appetites and their pleasure
(C) distribution of limited resources
(D) the planning of one’s life and conduct
(C) distribution of limited resources
All of the following are shared human characteristics EXCEPT:
(A) mortality
(B) marriage
(C) capacity for pleasure and pain
(D) early infant development
(B) marriage
Which of the following is the best definition of psychological egoism?
(A) People always act only to promote their perceived self-interest.
(B) People should only be motivated by a desire to help other people.
(C) People usually choose to be selfish.
(D) People are inherently evil.
(A) People always act only to promote their perceived self-interest.
Which of the following is the guiding principle of Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics?
(A) Actions are moral insofar as they promote the greatest good for the greatest number.
(B) Actions are moral insofar as they treat people as ends and not as means.
(C) Actions are moral if they align for a given society’s moral standards.
(D) Actions are moral if they are in accord with the virtues.
(D) Actions are moral if they are in accord with the virtues.
All of the following are consequences of moral relativism EXCEPT:
(A) The idea of moral progress is called into doubt.
(B) All societies are equally tolerant of other societies’ beliefs.
(C) We could decide whether actions are right or wrong by consulting the standards of our own society.
(D) We could no longer say that the beliefs of other societies were inferior to our own.
(B) All societies are equally tolerant of other societies’ beliefs.
Which of the following is the best definition of “ethical fading”?
(A) when there are more bad people than good people in an organization
(B) the process of stripping the moral characteristics and motivation from an action
(C) renewed commitment to acting ethically
(D) social pressure to violate the rules
(B) the process of stripping the moral characteristics and motivation from an action
Which of the following is the best definition of moral relativism?
(A) Moral values are relative to cultures.
(B) There are certain moral standards that are universally true.
(C) There is no such thing as morality.
(D) Everyone should be tolerant of different moral views.
(A) Moral values are relative to cultures.
According to the text, which of the following offers the best definition of procedural justice?
(A) The most powerful stakeholders get their way.
(B) Every stakeholder receives an equal share of benefits and harms.
(C) All stakeholders are allowed to participate in the determination of issues that impact them.
(D) The outcome is fair even if the process is not just.
(C) All stakeholders are allowed to participate in the determination of issues that impact them.
Which of the following is the best definition of normative power as it is described in the text?
(A) depends on the physical forces of violence or restraint
(B) results from “blackmail” or the possession of a strategic piece of information that the person does not want made public
(C) depends on the deployment of financial or material resources
(D) based on the use of symbolic resources
(D) based on the use of symbolic resources
Identifying stakeholder interests requires us to do which of the following?
(A) think about stakeholder interests from the point of view of the stakeholder
(B) broaden our definition of interest to include nonmaterial interests such as self-respect and autonomy
(C) think imaginatively about who could be harmed or benefitted by our actions
(D) all of the above
(D) all of the above
According to the text, moral behavior is best described as which of the following goods?
(A) Moral behavior is good for itself.
(B) Moral behavior is not good at all.
(C) Moral behavior is good for its consequences.
(D) Moral behavior is good for itself and its consequences.
(D) Moral behavior is good for itself and its consequences.
When we think about the consequences of our actions, which of the following should we keep in mind?
(A) What are the short-term consequences of our actions?
(B) What are the long-term consequences of our actions?
(C) How might ethical standards change and how would these changes affect the moral quality of our actions?
(D) all of the above
(D) all of the above
All of the following are true about stakeholder groups EXCEPT:
(A) Stakeholder groups are continually in flux.
(B) Individuals can only be members of one stakeholder group at a time.
(C) Stakeholders may not always be aware of their own interest.
(D) Stakeholders may disagree with the decision-maker’s interpretation of their interests.
(B) Individuals can only be members of one stakeholder group at a time.
Which of the following is not a step in the decision-making model presented in the text?
(A) Check your intentions.
(B) Ask your mentor for advice.
(C) Consider the symbolic potential of the action.
(D) Determine the relevant stakeholders and how they will be impacted.
(B) Ask your mentor for advice.
Which of the following is NOT included in the four categories of information:
(A) known knowns
(B) known unknowns
(C) too hard to know
(D) unknown unknowns
(C) too hard to know
An “unknown unknown” is a piece of information that is best described as which of the following?
(A) information that we don’t know we don’t know
(B) information that we know confidently
(C) information we received from a dubious source
(D) information we know that we do not have
(A) information that we don’t know we don’t know
Which of the following is assessed by so-called “publicity tests”?
(A) whether you are willing to demonstrate to others that your action is in alignment with your values
(B) whether you seek publicity at the expense of your personal relationships
(C) whether you are willing to speak to the media about your personal ethics
(D) whether you believe everything you read
(A) whether you are willing to demonstrate to others that your action is in alignment with your values
Which of the following best describes the “acceptability heuristic”?
(A) People often “seek out” information that serves to conform the response or position most acceptable to their superiors. Information is categorized by whether it will be acceptable or unacceptable to supervisors.
(B) the overestimation of one’s actual ability, performance, level of control or chance of success
(C) inclines decision-makers to gather information, process information and even remember information in such a manner as to advance their perceived self-interest and to support their preexisting views
(D) allowing one’s opinions to be inappropriately influenced by the dynamics of the group
(A) People often “seek out” information that serves to conform the response or position most acceptable to their superiors. Information is categorized by whether it will be acceptable or unacceptable to supervisors.
All of the following statements about moral perception are true EXCEPT:
(A) Moral perception is skill that is acquired with education and practice.
(B) All adults share the exact same set of perceptual skills.
(C) We are trained as moral perceivers from childhood.
(D) Most of our moral education is acquired unconsciously through the actions we witness as we mature.
(B) All adults share the exact same set of perceptual skills.
According to Aristotle’s account of how we develop a virtuous or vicious character, which of the following is true?
(A) We are born virtuous or vicious.
(B) It is easy to adapt a virtuous character after a life of vicious behavior.
(C) Vicious people are acutely aware of their defects and yearn to be more virtuous.
(D) We create our character through our actions.
(D) We create our character through our actions.
The best definition of a morally salient fact is which of the following?
(A) fact that is disputed by all of the people involved
(B) fact that has been established by a scientific process
(C) fact that has always been accepted as true
(D) fact that reflects or impacts an ethical value or moral principle.
(D) fact that reflects or impacts an ethical value or moral principle.